Railway Science (Biology-Deficiency and Diseases)

Sarpagandha : Used to treat diabetes, insomnia, indigestion. Rajnigandha (Polianthes tuberosa) : Natural stress reliever. Navamallika - Used for cardiac tonic.

AIDS (Acquired immune Deficiency Syndrome). It is caused by the HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus). It affects the body’s immunity system (attacks white blood cells).
ELISA stands for Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It is used in laboratory tests to detect antibodies in the blood.
World AIDS Day - December 1. Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by bacteria called Neisseria gonorrhoeae or gonococcus. Syphilis is a bacterial infection usually spread by sexual contact.

Arjuna plant : Scientific name - Terminalia arjuna. Uses - Its leaves are used to regulate blood pressure, Juice of leaves is a cure for earache, Bark is used for curing heart diseases.

There is no such vaccine which can prevent or help prevent HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus). HIV demolishes a particular type of WBC (White Blood Cells) and the T-helper cells. Different ways through which HIV spread - Transfusion of contaminated blood, Semen, Vaginal fluid, Anal Mucus and Breast milk.

Excessive exposure of humans to UV rays results in damage to the immune system and Cataracts (form of eye damage). Leukemia is a blood cancer caused by a rise in the number of white blood cells.

Changes in the larynx are related to the increasing amounts of testosterone in boys during puberty. Puberty is the time in life when a boy or girl becomes sexually mature. It causes physical changes, and affects boys and girls differently.

Tooth decay is damage that occurs to our teeth, which can potentially
result in cavities, dental abscesses or even tooth loss. It is caused by the
activity of certain species of bacteria that can live in dental plaque. The
bacteria in plaque can convert the sugars present in our food into acids. If plaque is allowed to build up over time, these acids can begin to damage our teeth.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): It is a virus that attacks a part of the immune system. Advance stage of HIV infection - AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome).HIV virus targets white blood cells called CD4 (T cells - Needed to fight off infections and other diseases).
HIV is most commonly spread through: Sexual contact with an HIV-infected person, Transfer of HIV from a mother to child during pregnancy.

Birth control, also known as contraception, anticonception, and fertility control. Use of methods or devices to prevent unwanted pregnancy.
Methods of contraception: Oral contraceptive pills, implants, injectables, patches, vaginal rings, Intrauterine devices, condoms, male and female sterilization, lactational amenorrhea methods, fertility awareness based methods. Condoms: One of the most effective methods of protection against STIs, including HIV. Vasectomy: Male birth control that cuts the supply of sperm to your semen. Uses of Oral contraceptive pills - The pill prevents the ovaries from releasing an egg each month (ovulation).

Warts {type of skin infection caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV)}. Gonorrhea (Sexually transmitted disease) : Caused by - Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacterium. Syphilis {Sexually transmitted infection (STI)}: Caused by - Treponema pallidum bacterium. Tuberculosis (TB) - Bacterial disease : Caused by - Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs.