Railway Science (Biology-Deficiency and Diseases)

Genital herpes infection is a common sexually transmitted infection marked by genital pain and sores. Disease caused by virus : Common cold (Rhinovirus), Hepatitis (Hepatitis A, hepatitis B, Hepatitis C), Measles, Poliomyelitis (Polio), Encephalitis (Herpes Simplex), Mumps (Paramyxovirus).

Warts, small bumps frequently appear on the skin of the hands and the feet. Some have a higher propensity to affect certain body parts. Though warts are not malignant, they can resemble several types of cancer.
The human papillomavirus infection (HPV) causes warts. This virus makes an excessive quantity of keratin, a tough protein (epidermis). Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that include microorganisms such as yeasts, molds and mushrooms.

AIDS (Acquired immune Deficiency Syndrome) - It is caused by the HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus). It mainly affects the body’s immunity system (attacks white blood cells ).

AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) is a chronic immune system disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Transmitted by - Exchange of body fluids (blood, breast milk, semen and vaginal secretions) from people infected by HIV, sexual contact, vertical transmission from mothers to infants, and by sharing infected needles. Test - ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoassay).

Beriberi is a disease in which the body does not have enough thiamine (Vitamin B1). Symptoms of Beriberi - Difficulty in walking, Loss of feeling (sensation) in hands and feet, Loss of muscle function or paralysis of the lower legs.

During HIV, the body is unable to fight even the many minor infections that we face on a daily basis. Three types of HIV tests : Antibody tests, Antigen tests and Nucleic acid tests (NAT).
It can spread through sexual contact, illicit injection drug use or sharing needles, contact with infected blood, and from mother to child during pregnancy. If HIV is not treated, it can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).

Barrier methods of birth control act as barriers to keep sperm from reaching the egg. They do not include hormonal contraceptive methods. Examples of Barrier methods that prevent HIV are Dental dams, Condoms, Nonoxynol 9 (N-9) spermicide etc.
Copper-T is a copper-releasing intrauterine device (IUD). It increases the phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus and suppresses sperm motility and the fertilizing capacity of sperms.
Contraceptive pills (birth control pills) are estrogen medications. They prevent pregnancy by delaying ovulation and sperm from passing through the cervix.

Carrots contain beta carotene, antioxidants, fiber, Vitamin K1 and potassium.

Dengue is a viral infection transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. It is transmitted primarily by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, although other mosquito species, such as Aedes albopictus, can also spread the virus.

Tetanus is an infection caused by a bacterium called Clostridium tetani. The disease causes muscle contractions, particularly of your jaw and neck muscles. Tetanus is commonly known as lockjaw. Diseases caused by Bacteria - cholera, tuberculosis, anthrax (Bacillus anthracis), Pseudomonas infection .