Railway Science (Biology-Deficiency and Diseases)

The causative agent of peptic ulcer is a bacterium called Helicobacter pylori. Protozoa diseases - Malaria, African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease, Leishmaniasis, Toxoplasmosis, Cryptosporidiosis.

Cholera - Caused by eating food or drinking water contaminated with a bacterium called Vibrio cholerae. Pneumonia - A serious illness of the lungs which makes breathing difficult. Bacteria, viruses or fungi may cause pneumonia. Common Cold - A viral infection of nose and throat (upper respiratory tract).

Filariasis (Elephantiasis) - Caused by infection with parasites classified as nematodes (roundworms) of the family Filarioidea that are transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitos.

Patients who are diabetics, those suffering from hypertension, asthma patients and those without communicable diseases can also donate eyes. People with communicable diseases such as AIDS, Hepatitis B or C, rabies, tetanus, cholera, and leukemia cannot donate their eyes. Eyes should be donated within 6-8 hrs of death.

Antibiotics are medicines that fight bacterial infections in people and animals. Examples : Amoxicillin, Clindamycin, Cephalexin, Ciprofloxacin Levofloxacin, Doxycycline. Antibodies are protective proteins produced by your immune system. Examples : Abciximab, bezlotoxumab, alemtuzumab.
Analgesics are a class of medications designed specifically to relieve pain. Examples: Codeine, Fentanyl, Hydrocodone, Meperidine, Methadone. Anaesthetic is a drug or agent that produces a complete or partial loss of feeling. Example: Amidate, Brevital, Diprivan, ketalar, methohexital.

It is caused by the bacterium (Yersinia pestis). Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with Vibrio cholerae bacteria. Diarrhoea is usually caused by a bacterial (eg, salmonella). Typhoid fever is a life-threatening illness caused by Salmonella Typhi bacteria.

Amoebiasis is an intestinal infection caused by microscopic parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Entamoeba histolytica can live in the large intestine (colon) without causing damage to it. In some cases it invades the colon wall, causing colitis, acute dysentery or long term chronic diarrhea.
The infection can also spread through the bloodstream to the liver. In rare cases, it can spread to the lungs, brain or other organs.

Seed-borne diseases are diseases of plants that are transmitted by seed. Smut fungi infect seeds of plants and form black sooty spurs inside the seed.
Plant Disease, microorganism and modes of transmission : Citrus canker (Bacteria) - Air, Rust of wheat (Fungi) - Air and seeds, Yellow vein mosaic of bhindi (Okra) {Virus} - Insect. Sheath rot on rice : Caused by Sarocladium oryzae. Red rot of sugarcane - Caused by Colletotrichum falcatum (fungus Glomerella tucumanensis).

Disease caused in animals due to Virus - Lumpy skin disease, Avian influenza (Bird Flu), Newcastle disease, Blue ear disease, Rabies, Rinderpest, sheep pox and goat pox.
Fungi - Epizootic Lymphangitis, Ringworm (Dermatomycosis) (in cattles, horses, dogs, cats), Aspergillosis (mammals and birds). Bacteria - Brucellosis, Glanders, Psittacosis or parrot fever, Streptococcus suis, Campylobacter, Botulism.

It is a painful and profoundly disfiguring disease; caused by infection with parasites classified as nematodes (roundworms) of the family Filarioidea that are transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitos.
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that most often affects the lungs and is caused by bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis). It spreads through the air when infected people cough, sneeze or spit.
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by bacteria (Mycobacterium Leprae); The disease predominantly affects the skin and peripheral nerves. Cholera is an acute, diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with the toxigenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae.