Railway Science (Biology – Digestive System)

Mushrooms are the reproductive structures produced by some fungi. Scientific name - Agaricus bisporus. Lice are parasitic insects that can be found on people's heads and bodies, including the pubic area.
Human lice survive by feeding on human blood. Deer digestive tract contains bacteria and protozoa that help ferment and break down the food and help with nutritional value. Amoeba food digestion is known as holozoic nutrition and it consists of ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, and egestion.

In human beings the process of the digestive system: Ingestion (Taking food into the body by mouth).
Digestion (accomplished by mechanical and chemical processes). Absorption (Small amounts of monosaccharides like glucose, amino acids and some electrolytes like chloride ions).
Assimilation (movement of the digested food molecules into the cells of the body). Egestion (the removal of undigested food materials).

Enzymes - Proteins that help speed up chemical reactions in our bodies. Three types of enzymes:- Amylase, Lipase, Protease.
Gastric Glands :- Inner lining of the stomach that secrete gastric juice and protective mucus.
Villi :- Finger-like projections which are richly supplied with blood vessels.

Stomach - Widest part of the digestive tube in which food is stored, churned, and mixed with gastric juices secreted by its lining. Intestine - A muscular tube which extends from the lower end of your stomach to anus, the lower opening of the digestive tract. Liver - Essential for digesting food and ridding the body of toxic substances. Digestion begins in the mouth.

A ruminant animal has four compartments to the stomach. It includes the rumen (largest), reticulum, omasum and abomasum. Examples - Cattle, Sheep, Goats, buffalo and Deer.

Pepsin is a stomach enzyme that serves to digest proteins found in ingested food. Gastric chief cells secrete pepsin as an inactive zymogen called pepsinogen. Parietal cells within the stomach lining secrete hydrochloric acid that lowers the pH of the stomach.

Brain is a complex organ that controls thought, memory, emotion, touch, motor skills, vision, breathing, temperature, hunger and every process that regulates our body. Parts (Forebrain-Cerebrum, Hypothalamus, Thalamus) (Midbrain: Tectum, Tegmentum) (Lower brain - cerebellum, medulla, pons). The gallbladder is located right underneath the liver.
It stores and concentrates bile from the liver. The bile is then released into the first section of the small intestine (the duodenum), where it helps your body to break down and absorb fats from food.

It is a physiological aqueous solution produced and secreted by the liver. It consists mainly of bile salts, phospholipids, cholesterol, conjugated bilirubin, electrolytes, and water.
Lymph is a clear-to-white fluid made of White blood cells, especially lymphocytes, the cells that attack bacteria in the blood and body tissues. Blood is a specialized body fluid. Its main components: plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

The pancreas performs two main functions: Exocrine function: Produces substances (enzymes) that help with digestion. Endocrine function: Sends out hormones that control the amount of sugar in our bloodstream.
A fasting blood sugar level of 99 mg/dL or lower is normal, 100 to 125 mg/dL indicates prediabetes, and 126 mg/dL or higher indicates diabetes.
Insulin is a hormone created by pancreas that controls the amount of glucose in our bloodstream at any given moment. It also helps store glucose in the liver, fat, and muscles.

Small intestine - It is highly coiled and is about 7.5 meters long. It receives secretions from liver and pancreas. Besides, its wall also secretes juices. The large intestine is wider and shorter than the small intestine.
It is about 1.5 meters in length. Its function is to absorb water and some salts from the undigested food material. The liver is a reddish brown gland situated in the upper part of the abdomen on the right side.
It is the largest gland in the body. It secretes bile juice that is stored in a sac called the gallbladder.