Railway Science (Biology – Discoveries and Vaccines)

Mendel’s laws of inheritance consist:- Law of Dominance- It states that Hybrid offspring will only inherit the dominant trait in the phenotype.
The alleles that are suppressed are called the recessive traits while the alleles that determine the trait are known as the dominant traits.
Law of Segregation- It states that during the production of gametes, two copies of each hereditary factor segregate so that offspring acquire one factor from each parent.
Law of Independent AssortmentIt states that a pair of traits segregates independently of another pair during gamete formation.

Vincov-19: The first indigenous drug to treat Covid-19, was developed by synthesizing blood serum. Drug Controller General of India (DCGI): Approval of two indigenous vaccines: COVISHIELD by Serum Institute of India and COVAXIN by Bharat Biotech. ZyCoV-D: This is India’s first DNA plasmid vaccine. Sputnik V: It was developed by Russia’s Gamaleya Research Institute.

Three laws of inheritance (proposed by Mendel): Law of Dominance, Law of Segregation, Law of Independent Assortment.
Law of Dominance- It states that Hybrid offspring will only inherit the dominant trait in the phenotype. The alleles that are suppressed are called the recessive traits while the alleles that determine the trait are known as the dominant traits.
Law of Segregation - It states that during the production of gametes, two copies of each hereditary factor segregate so that offspring acquire one factor from each parent. Law of Independent AssortmentIt states that a pair of traits segregate independently of another pair during gamete formation.

Gregor Johann Mendel:- He discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance.

In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature is the biological system of naming the organisms in which the name is composed of two terms, where, the first term indicates the genus and the second term indicates the species of the organism. Example - Homo Sapiens (Binomial nomenclature of human beings), where homo is the generic name while sapiens is the species name.
Dmitri Mendeleev - Father of Modern Periodic Table, John Dalton - Father of Atomic Theory.

Anesthetic - A drug used to induce anesthesia. In other words, to result in a temporary loss of sensation. Antiseptic - Applied to the living tissues such as wounds, cuts, ulcers and diseased skin surfaces. Antipyretic - These drugs are used for reducing fever.

It was invented by Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose. The purpose of a chronometer is to measure accurately the time of a known fixed location. Bolometer, instrument for measuring radiation by means of the rise in temperature of a blackened metal strip in one of the arms of a resistance bridge. Cardiograph is an application which measures our heart rate.

Antoine Lavoisier: Father of chemistry. Aristotle: Father of zoology. Theophrastus, a Greek naturalist, is known as the Father of Botany. Botany deals with the study of plants and their characteristics.

Virus name - Varicella virus. James Chadwick discovered the neutron in 1932 and was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1935. Louis Pasteur was a French chemist and microbiologist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation and pasteurization. Rutherford is a physicist known for his contributions to the understanding of atomic structure.

Charles Darwin - Proposed “Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection”. Albert Einstein - Proposed the “Theory Of Relativity”. Archimedes - Discovered the “Law of Buoyancy”. Other discoverers - W.C. Roentgen (X-rays), Thomas Edison (Electric bulb), Alexander Fleming (Penicillin), C V Raman (Raman Effect).