Railway Science (Biology – Miscellaneous) (Part-II)

They may also forage for roots, succulent grasses, fruits, insects and grubs, and are known to occasionally kill and eat birds and small mammals. Eucalyptus leaves are the main food of the koala.
Maple trees - an important diet staple for many animals including white-tailed deer, hare, squirrels, moose, and porcupines. Pine trees - a frequent food source of deer in the winter.

It is present in the vacuoles of plant cells and are water-soluble pigments. The molecules of these pigments change color depending on the pH of their environment. Merocyanine dyes have been widely used as fluorescent probes in the biomedical field. Hemocyanins are proteins that transport oxygen throughout the bodies of some invertebrate animals.

Example - forearm of frog, lizard, bird and human. Analogous Organs : Organs which perform similar functions but are different in structure and origin. Example - wings of a bird and wings of an insect.

Divergent evolution: The process by which different organisms having common ancestors develop different traits or characteristics to adapt to the changing environmental conditions.
Speciation - The evolutionary formation of new biological species, usually by the division of a single species into two or more genetically distinct ones. Factors that lead to speciation: Genetic drift, Natural selection, Geographical isolation, Mutation.

Mendel law - Inheritance of traits from the first generation to the next generation. Mendel’s Law of inheritance is made up of three laws : Law of segregation - During the production of gametes, two copies of each hereditary factor segregate so that offspring acquire one factor from each parent.
Law of independent assortment - A pair of traits segregates independently of another pair during gamete formation. Law of dominance - Hybrid offspring will only inherit the dominant trait in the phenotype.

Tissue - A group or layer of cells that perform specific functions. For example - epithelial tissue, nervous tissue, muscular tissue. Organelles (little organs) - A specialized structure that performs various jobs inside cells.
Chromosomes - A thread-like structure located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells. Each chromosome is made of protein and a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Hydroponics refers to the kind of farming in which plants are grown in mineral nutrient solutions and without soil. Plants grown by Hydroponics: Tomatoes, Lettuce, Cucumber, Bnana, Spinach, Strawberries, Peppers (Capsicum).

Omnivores: Examples - Bears, Birds, Dogs, Raccoons, Foxes, Certain Insects, and even humans. Carnivores - An organism that mostly eats meat, or the flesh of animals (Tigers, Lions, Cheetahs, Hawks, Alligators). An Herbivore is an organism that mostly feeds on plants (Deer, Rabbits, Cows, Sheep, Goats, Elephants, Giraffes, Horses, and Pandas).

Diffusion - a process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Examples - The smell of perfumes/Incense Sticks, Opening the Soda/Cold Drinks bottle and the CO2 diffuses in the air.