Railway Science (Biology – Miscellaneous) (Part-II)

Total Questions: 50

41. Ibuprofen is a common medicine found in first aid boxes. When should Ibuprofen be taken? [RRB ALP Tier - II (21/01/2019) Afternoon]

Correct Answer: (c) To treat pain, fever and inflammation
Solution:

{2-(4-isobutylphenyl) propionic acid} is a Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID) initially developed in 1960 and was finally patented in 1961. This drug was first launched against rheumatoid arthritis in the UK in 1969 and USA in 1974. Other NSAIDs include - Aspirin, Naproxen, Diclofenac, Celecoxib, Mefenamic acid, Etoricoxib, Indomethacin.

42. Antihistamine medications are found in some first aid boxes. When should these medicines be taken? [RRB ALP Tier - II (23/01/2019) Morning]

Correct Answer: (d) To reduce the symptoms of (hay fever) and other allergies
Solution:

Antacids help to reduce indigestion and heartburn. Bronchodilators are used to treat long -term conditions where the airways may become narrow and inflamed, such as asthma. Medications used to help in prevention of clotting of blood are anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs.

43. _____ is a substance which can directly cause cancer. It can be a chemical substance, a virus or radiation. [RRB ALP Tier - II (08/02/2019) Morning]

Correct Answer: (a) Carcinogen
Solution:

Carcinogen - substance that increases risk of cancer. Common Carcinogens:Tobacco, Radon, Asbestos, Brown Foods, Ultraviolet Rays, Alcohol.
Cardiozen - used to lower cholesterol and to reduce the risk of heart diseases. Cancer is a disease in which some of the body's cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body.

44. _______ is a penicillin antibiotic that fights bacteria. [RRB ALP Tier - II (08/02/2019) Morning]

Correct Answer: (d) Amoxicillin
Solution:

Amoxicillin - Used to treat many different types of infection caused by bacteria such as Tonsillitis, Pneumonia, and Infections of ear, nose, skin or urinary tract. Other Antibiotics: Doxycycline, Cephalexin, Clindamycin, Erythromycin. Penicillin (the first true antibiotic) was discovered by Alexander Fleming in1928. Ibuprofen- used to relieve fever and inflammation. Clonazepam- used to prevent and treat anxiety disorders, seizures. Atorvastatinused to prevent cardiovascular disease.

45. The transmission of traits, physical or mental, from parents to offspring is called _______. [RRB Group D 19/09/2018 (Afternoon)]

Correct Answer: (b) heredity
Solution:

Heredity - The process of the transfer of the genes or characteristics from the parents to their offspring. Due to this reason, the progeny resembles the parents closely but is not identical to them (due to variation). Progeny refers to the offspring of living organisms such as plants and animals.
Evolution - It is the change in heritable traits of biological populations over successive generations. Variation - The degree by which progeny differ from their parents.

46. Which of the following scientists suggested a mechanism for organic evolution in his book “Origin of Species”. [RRB Group D 19/09/2018 (Afternoon)]

Correct Answer: (a) Charles Darwin
Solution:

Charles Darwin is regarded as the "Father of Evolution”. He gave the theory of evolution in his famous book "The Origin of Species” in 1859.
His books - “The Descent of Man Selection in Relation to Sex”, “The Voyage of the Beagle”.
Ernst Haeckel - He coined the term ‘Ecology’. Carl Woese - Discovered six kingdom classification - Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Archaea and Eubacteria. Robert Whitaker - Proposed an elaborate five kingdom classification – Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.

47. Variations arising during the process of reproduction can be: [RRB Group D 19/09/2018 (Evening)]

Correct Answer: (d) Inherited
Solution:

Variations that arise during the process of reproduction can be inherited by the offspring. These variations are the result of genetic recombination, mutations, and other factors during the reproductive process.

48. Which of the following statements is wrong? [RRB Group D 20/09/2018 (Morning)]

All chordates ______.

Correct Answer: (a) are diploblastic
Solution:

Chordates are triploblastic, which means that they have three germ layers in the blastocyst rather than two. These are the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm.

49. _____ are analogous organs. [RRB Group D 20/09/2018 (Afternoon)]

Correct Answer: (a) the tailfin of a lobster and the flukes of a whale
Solution:

Analogous organs are the structures which are functionally similar but structurally different. Example - wings of insects and birds. Homologous organs are the organs which are similar in structure and origin but may look very different and perform different functions. Examples - The arm of a human.

50. ______ within a species may provide a survival advantage or simply contribute to genetic evolution. [RRB Group D 24/09/2018 (Evening)]

Correct Answer: (d) change
Solution:

Natural selection is a mechanism of evolution. Organisms that are more adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on the genes that aided their success. This process causes species to change and diverge over time. Charles Robert Darwin discovered the Theory of Evolution.