Railway Science (Biology – Miscellaneous)

Consists - heme pigment and globin protein. Haemoglobin is a red-coloured iron-containing pigment present in the RBCs.
Bilirubin - A yellowish substance made during the body's normal process of breaking down old red blood cells.
Melanin - It is responsible for determining skin and hair colour and is present in the skin. Myoglobin (stores oxygen in muscles) also has a high affinity for oxygen.

The ecosystem is the interaction of abiotic (non-living) and biotic (living) at a geographical location to form a functional biosphere. The abiotic components of an ecosystem are air, water, soil, sunlight, temperature, etc. The biotic components of an ecosystem include plants, animals, etc

The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) is defined as the number of maternal deaths during a given time period per 100,000 live births during the same time period. Infant mortality rate - the number of infant deaths for every 1,000 live births.

The diet that is appropriate for normal pregnancy should be high in proteins, minerals, and vitamins. A healthy diet during Pregnancy includes Calcium (Strengthen bones), Vitamin D (Promote bone strength), Protein (Promotes growth).

This source of energy is called food and the process of taking in the food is called nutrition. Every organism needs additional raw materials for growth and repair. These raw material is to be taken from outside. Ex - Protein, Vitamins, Carbohydrates etc.

Destarching: The process of keeping a plant in the dark for a day or two; During this time, photosynthesis is halted due to an absence of light; Production of new starch is also stopped; The stored starch is used up by the plant for other activities like respiration, transportation etc.

In this experiment the mechanism behind the conduction of water by the stem against gravity. Xylem and its elements are involved in the conduction of water in plants.
So, when the tender twig of any flowering plant with the leaves and flowers is put inside the jar of water (mixed with colour), it conducts the colored water in the stem and reaches the leaves and flowers.
Hence, after a few hours, it is observed that ink is present inside the wig.

Areolar tissue is a connective tissue in which fibres are loosely arranged in a net or meshwork. Vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) are the tissues that conduct water, minerals and food made by plants to different parts of plants. Epithelial tissue provides a covering to all the organs of the body.

It is a well-known natural source of Cancer (Breast, lung and Ovarian) drugs in the USA and is one of the best plant-based treatments available.

Autotrophs - Organisms that can produce their own food using light, water, carbon dioxide. Example - Plants, lichens and algae. Saprophytes - Organisms that feed on the dead and the decaying matter in the environment. Example - Rhizopus, Penicillium, yeasts and moulds.
Holozoic - An organism that obtains nutrition by ingesting and internally digesting solid, liquid food particles within their bodies. Example - Humans, dogs, cats, fish and fauna.
Heterotrophs - Organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients. Example - All animals, fungi and some bacteria.