Railway Science (Biology – Nervous System)

The brain is divided into three - the forebrain, the midbrain, and the hindbrain. The cerebrum is a part of the forebrain. The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for various functions, including control muscle functions and also control speech, thought, emotions, reading, writing, and learning.

Brain - It is the Command Center that controls the nervous system. Main Parts of Brain - Cerebrum - Largest part of brain, it initiates and coordinates movement and regulates temperature.
Cerebellum - It is for muscle control, including balance and movement. Brainstem - The bottom part of your brain, its function is to regulate the body's automatic functions.

Voluntary muscles, like skeletal muscles, are those we can control consciously. They attach to bones and help us move. However, Involuntary muscles work without us thinking about it, such as the muscles in our organs that help with digestion and breathing.

cerebrum plays a crucial role in many functions like thinking, memory, perception, and sensory processing; the coordination of muscle activity is primarily the responsibility of the cerebellum, located at the back of the brain.

The cerebellum does have two main divisions, they are called cerebellar hemispheres. Instead, it is a single structure located in the posterior region of the brain. It is a part of the hindbrain.
It is responsible for the precision of voluntary actions (like walking in a straight line, riding a bicycle, picking up a pencil) and maintaining the posture and balance of the body.

Think about activities like walking in a straight line, riding a bicycle, picking up a pencil are possible due to a part of the hind-brain called the cerebellum. It is responsible for precision of voluntary actions and maintaining the posture and balance of the body.

The brain is the central information processing organ of our body, and acts as the ‘command and control system’. It controls the voluntary movements, balance of the body, functioning of vital involuntary organs (e.g., lungs, heart, kidneys, etc.), thermoregulation, hunger and thirst, circadian (24-hour) rhythms of our body, activities of several endocrine glands and human behavior.

Average human brain weight: Adult male brain-Approximately 1370 grams. Adult female brain- Approximately 1200 grams.

Cerebrum: This is the higher brain region responsible for conscious thought, planning, and complex movements. Cerebellum: This brain structure helps coordinate balance, posture, and skilled movements. The pons is located in the brainstem and plays a role in various functions like sleep, respiration, and relaying sensory information.

Three major parts of the brain - Forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. Fore-brain functions - Voluntary actions, thinking and processing information. Midbrain functions - Motor movement, particularly movements of the eye, and in auditory and visual processing.
Hindbrain functions - Actions of breathing, heart, and blood vessels. Spinal cord sends motor commands from the brain to the body and sends sensory information from the body to the brain, and coordinates reflexes.