Railway Science (Biology-Nutrition in Plant)

Fibrous roots - Bushy roots in which thin, moderately branching roots grow from the stem. It forms a dense network of roots that is closer to the soil surface. The fibrous root is short and plants with fibrous roots are not very deep-rooted and a single plant can have hundreds of fibrous roots. Examples - Rice, wheat, maize, marigold, Sugarcane, banana.

Pyruvic acid (C₃H₄O₃) is an organic acid that probably occurs in all living cells. It is produced during the Kreb cycle - Oxidation of Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) for the release of energy during cellular respiration.
Mitochondria - The respiratory organelle or power house of the cell. Cytoplasm - All the substances in the cell except the nucleus. Lactic acid - Carboxylic acid with the molecular formula - C₃H₆O₃ .

Photosynthesis is the biological process by which green plants, including sugarcane, use sunlight, carbon dioxide (from the air), and water (from the soil) to produce glucose and oxygen.
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is a tall, perennial grass cultivated for its high sugar content in the stalks. It belongs to the grass family (Poaceae).

Phototropism : Ability of a plant to grow in the direction of light. The plant's stem grows towards the sun, so that the flower head can always face the sun. This helps the plant to maximize its exposure to sunlight, which is necessary for photosynthesis.
Charles Darwin studied phototropism in canary grass and oat coleoptiles in 1880 and published his findings in the book “The Power of Movement in Plants”.

With the help of solar energy, all green plants (producers) produce food by the process of photosynthesis. This food is stored in the plants and transferred to the other organism who consumes the plants. Rate of photosynthesis is maximum in Red Colour.

It gives plants their green color because it does not absorb the green wavelengths of white light. It is found in the chloroplasts of plant cells and it is responsible for photosynthesis.
Chlorophyll is located within the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast (which are tiny structures in a plant's cells). Chlorophyll contains the element Magnesium. Carotenoids are pigments that are found in plants and fruits. They give plants their orange, yellow, and red colors.

Photosynthesis takes place in the presence of light. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast. Leaves contain a green pigment known as chlorophyll, it absorbs the light energy from the sun. Equation of photosynthesis : 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ .

Xerophytes (Desert plants) are capable of withstanding extended periods of dry conditions as they have deep-spreading roots and capacity to store water. Examples - Aeonium, Agave.

Sources - Citrus fruit (Oranges, Kiwi, Lemon, Grapefruit), Strawberries, Peppers. Vitamin D (Calciferol) : Sources - Fish, Red Meat, Egg yolks. Vitamin B - B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B5 (pantothenic acid), B6 (pyridoxine), B7 (biotin), B9 (folate), B12 (cobalamin) : Sources - Meat, Fish, Milk, Cheese. Vitamin A (Retinol) : Sources - Liver, Fish, Eggs and Dairy products.

Salmonella infection (salmonellosis) - A common bacterial disease that affects the intestinal tract. Clostridium species are anaerobic, fermentative, spore-forming Gram-positive bacteria belonging to the phylum Firmicutes. Escherichia coli (E. coli) - A bacteria that normally lives in the intestines of both healthy people and animals.