Railway Science (Biology – Plant Kingdom)

It is a herbaceous perennial with green leaves. Herbivorous plants - Plants that only eat vegetation such as grasses, fruits, leaves, vegetables, and roots. Carnivorous plants - Plants that derive some or most of their nutrients from trapping and consuming animals or protozoans, typically insects and other arthropods. Examples : Venus flytrap, Drosera, Pitcher (insectivorous plant), Waterwheel plant.

Spirogyra (water silk or pond silk) - Free-floating green algae present in freshwater habitats such as ponds, lakes. Ferns - Plants that do not have flowers, they generally reproduce by producing spores (spores can be found at the underside of leaves). Thuja - A genus of coniferous trees in the Cupressaceae. Marsilea - Belongs to Division Pteridophyta.

Potatoes are special stems, called tubers, that grow underground in plants (Binomial name - Solanum tuberosum). Examples of vegetables from stems - Onion, ginger, garlic, yam, celery, turmeric, kohlrabi etc. Example of vegetables from flowers - Cauliflower, broccoli, moringa and banana etc.

Phycocyanin is any of a group of blue photosynthetic pigments present in cyanobacteria. Zeaxanthin is one of the most common carotenoids in nature, and is used in the xanthophyll cycle. Beta Carotene is a compound that gives vivid yellow, orange, and red coloring to vegetables. it converts into vitamin A (retinol).

Bryophytes:- also known as Non-vascular seedless plants. They reproduce sexually by spores and asexually by fragmentation or the production of gemmae.
Pteridophytes - They are vascular plants and have leaves (known as fronds), roots and sometimes true stems, and tree ferns have full trunks.
Tracheophytes - Plant contains vascular tissues such as xylem and phloem plays a role in distributing food and water to the plant cells.
Gametophyte - It is a stage in the life cycle that is found in all plants and certain species of algae.

Examples of  some plant family :- Cyperaceae - purua grass, pike-rush, sawgrass, nut grass. Acanthaceae - Justicia, Rueillia, clockvines, Odontonema etc. Malvaceae - Mallow, Hibiscus, Hollyhock, Durian, marsh mallow etc.

Arjuna (Terminalia arjuna) is used for the treatment of coronary artery disease, heart failure, edema, angina and asthma. Neem, Aloe vera, Tulsi, Amla, and others, are used to treat various skin diseases. Herbs that help reduce inflammation include turmeric and ginger.

Petiole - It is a stalk that connects the blade with the leaf base. It serves to transport nutrients and water that are absorbed by the roots and passed up through the xylem, to the leaf.

Chara - A genus of charophyte green algae in the family Characeae. Ferns - A group of vascular plants that reproduce via spores. Marsilea - A genus of aquatic ferns that have four-leaf clover-like leaves. Deodar - A species of cedar tree that is native to the Himalayas.

Marsilea is a genus of aquatic ferns that are found in freshwater habitats around the world. Moss is a type of bryophyte, which are nonvascular plants with rhizoids instead of roots.
Riccia is a type of liverwort. Its plant body is gametophytic. Chara is a type of green algae, which is a group of organisms that are not plants.