Railway Science (Biology-Reproduction in Plant)

Total Questions: 50

1. Which of the following parts helps in gaseous exchange in plants? [RRC Group D 17/08/2022 (Afternoon)]

Correct Answer: (a) stomata
Solution:

Stomata facilitates Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) uptake and release of gasses like oxygen during Photosynthesis. The Nucleus is responsible for storing the cell’s hereditary material or the DNA.
Guard cells are responsible for the opening and closing of stomata which helps in the exchange of gasses (Transpiration). Cell Membrane helps in the functioning of motility conduction, cell division, and sexual reproduction.

2. Which of the following uses spores to reproduce? [RRC Group D 18/08/2022 (Morning)]

Correct Answer: (b) Ferns
Solution:

Spores are asexual reproductive bodies produced by the parent plant, in special spore cases called sporangia. Plants like ferns, moss, and fungi reproduce by this method. Amoeba reproduces through Binary Fission. Yeasts reproduce by budding.

3. Some plants can also produce new plants from their roots. An example of such a plant is- [RRC Group D 18/08/2022 (Evening)]

Correct Answer: (c) Sweet Potato
Solution:

Stem Cuttings are used to develop a new plant (for Example Rose). Plantlets rise from the margins of the leaf (for Example Bryophyllum). New plants developed by Roots. (Examples : Bananas, Ginger, Turmeric, etc). Underground modifications of the stem are rhizomes, tubules, corms, and bulbs.

4. Which reproductive parts of the flower contain the germ cells? [RRC Group D 22/08/2022 (Morning)]

Correct Answer: (a) Stamens and pistils
Solution:

Stamen - The male fertilizing part of the flower. Pistil - The female fertilizing part of a flower. Sepal - The outer parts of the flower (often green and leaf-like) that enclose a developing bud. Anther - It is the part of the stamen in a flower where pollen is produced. Petals - They attract insects for pollination and protect reproductive organs.

5. Study the diagram of a dicot seed given below. Select the correct option regarding the functions of the parts labeled A, B and C [RRC Group D 23/08/2022 (Afternoon)]

Correct Answer: (a) A-Future shoot, B - Stores food, C-Future root
Solution:

Monocot seeds are seeds that are made out of a single (mono) embryonic leaf or cotyledon. Monocot seeds have thin and tiny cotyledons. Eg; Grains, (wheat, corn, rice, millet) lilies, daffodils, sugarcane and grass etc.
Dicot seeds are seeds made up of two embryonic leaves or cotyledons. Dicot seeds have fleshy cotyledons that store food resources. Peas, almonds and cashews are examples of dicotyledonous or dicot seeds.

6. Select the option that shows the correct matching of Column I with Column II regarding Asexual Reproduction. [RRC Group D 24/08/2022 (Morning)]

Correct Answer: (a) A-ii, B-iv, C-iii, D-i
Solution:

Budding - A form of asexual reproduction in which a new individual develops from some generative anatomical point of the parent organism. Example - Hydra. Fragmentation occurs when a shoot that is rooted becomes detached from the main group. Example - Yeast.
Binary fission - Division into two. Example - Leishmania. Multiple fission - The process of asexual reproduction in which many daughter cells are produced from the parent cell instead of two daughter cells. Example - Plasmodium.

7. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about vegetative propagation in plants? [RRC Group D 25/08/2022 (Morning)]

Correct Answer: (c) Plants produced are genetically different from the parent plant.
Solution:

Vegetative propagation - An asexual method of plant reproduction to produce numbers of plants from a single parent plant. Advantages - Plants cultivated are genetically identical to their parents, and can be cultivated faster as compared to growing them from seeds. Disadvantages - Short-lived, small compared to seed propagated plants, No new varieties can be produced, More susceptible to diseases.

8. Mendel experimented on the basis of several contrasting visual characters of pea plants. Some of them were the following: [RRC Group D 26/08/2022 (Evening)]

(i) Round and wrinkled seeds
(ii) Tall and short plants
(iii) White and purple flowers
Which of the following are recessive characters found in pea plants?

Correct Answer: (d) Wrinkled, small and white
Solution:

Mendel coined terms 'dominant' and 'recessive' in terms of the characters studied by him. A Dominant trait is one that expresses itself in the presence of other contrasting traits and dominates it. Example : Seed shape - Round, Height - Tall, Colour - Purple, Flower position - Axial.
A Recessive trait is one that is not expressed when present along with the contrasting trait in the hybrid. Example : Seed shape - Wrinkled, Height - small, Colour - white, Flower position - Terminal.

9. Identify the correct statement from the ones given below based on the way Mendel conducted his experiments. [RRC Group D 29/08/2022 (Evening)]

Correct Answer: (a) Cross-fertilisation of plants was performed initially, followed by self-fertilization.
Solution:

Mendel is known as the father of genetics because of his work on inheritance in pea plants. In the experiment, he took two pea plants of opposite traits (one short and one tall) and crossed them, he self-pollinated the F1 (first hybrid generation) progeny and obtained 4 different traits (both tall and short plants in the ratio 3:1).

10. Which of the following parts of a flower develops into a fruit after fertilization? [RRC Group D 01/09/2022 (Afternoon)]

Correct Answer: (a) Ovary
Solution:

It is the ductless reproductive gland that holds a lot of ovules. It is the part of the plant where the seed formation takes place. Ovule - Small bead-like structures inside the ovary of flowers.
Pistil - This is the innermost part and the female reproductive organ of a flower which comprises three parts - Stigma, Style and Ovary.
Petal - This is a bright-coloured part that attracts bees, insects and birds. The color of petals varies from plant to plant. Stamen is the male reproductive part of a flower.