Railway Science (Biology – Scientific Study)

Haldane, a British scientist, suggested in 1929 that life must have developed from the simple inorganic molecules which were present on earth soon after it was formed. He speculated that the conditions on earth at that time, which were far from the conditions we see today, could have given rise to more complex organic molecules that were necessary for life.

This indicates that rice contains starch. Amylose in starch is the main factor for colour formation as iodine comes in contact with the beta coils structure of amylose and gives a blue-black colour iodine.

Ginkgo biloba (Living Fossil tree) is one of the oldest living tree species, used as a herbal supplement in the world. Moss (Funaria) is an example of Bryophyta. Dryopteris (male fern or wood ferns) is a fern genus belonging to the family of Dryopteridaceae. Silver oak (Grevillea robusta) - A flowering plant in the family Proteaceae, belongs to the eastern coastal Australia.

When a cause of a disease is determined then it is called etiology. The study of disease is called pathology. Entomology is the study of insects. Ethnology is the scientific study and comparison of human culture.

Molecular phylogeny - The branch of phylogeny that uses hereditary molecular differences in Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences and genetics to determine the evolutionary relationship of an organism.
Metamorphosis - A biological process by which animals undergo extreme, rapid physical changes some time after birth.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - The molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism.

Biotechnology - utilizes biological systems, living organisms or parts of this to develop or create different products. Genetics: the scientific study of genes and heredity—of how certain qualities or traits are passed from parents to offspring as a result of changes in DNA sequence. Epigenetics - a process involving changes in the function and expression of the genes.

Ultrasonography is a diagnostic imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of internal body structures. Sonography is a medical imaging technique that uses ultrasound waves to create visual images of the body's internal structures.

Autopsy (necropsy) is an internal and external medical examination of a body conducted post-mortem aimed at determining how a person died.
Types : Forensic autopsy - It is performed in case of suspicious, violent or unknown cause of death.
Clinical autopsy - It is performed in the hospital, by the pathologist, based on the consent of the deceased's next of kin in order to find and better understand the causes of death.
Biopsy : A medical test in which cells are taken from the body and examined to find out if they are healthy.

Toxicology: It helps to understand the harmful effects of chemicals, substances or situations on people, animals, and the environment. Virology: The study of viruses. Pathology: The study of disease. Epidemiology: The study of the spread and control of diseases. Bacteriology : The study of bacteria.

Arachnology - Study of invertebrates such as scorpions, pseudoscorpions, and harvestmen. Agricultural Science (Agronomy) - Study of soil, water and crop management. Zoology - Study animals and animal kingdom. Flower Science (Anthology) - Study of flowers and flowering plants.