Railway Science (Biology – Scientific Study)

Total Questions: 21

11. Which of the following methods is used to break the small stones made into the kidneys into fine particles? [RPF Constable 24/01/2019 (Evening)]

Correct Answer: (b) Ultrasound
Solution:

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a procedure used to shatter simple stones in the kidney or upper urinary tract.
Electromagnetic waves - These waves are coupled to time varying electric and magnetic fields and they do not require a medium to propagate.
Infrasound - Low-frequency sound, refers to sound waves that have a frequency lower than of audibility about 20 Hz.

12. The scientific study of grass is called _______. [RPF Constable 25/01/2019 (Morning)]

Correct Answer: (b) Agrostology
Solution:

Major branches of science: Anthropology - The study of humans. Pomology - The study of fruits. Osteology - The study of bones. Olericulture - Commercial agriculture of vegetables. Ornithology - The study of birds. Odontology - The study of teeth and gums.

13. _____ is known as the study of fossils. [RRB Group D 25/09/2018 (Afternoon)]

Correct Answer: (c) Paleontology
Solution:

Fossils are the remains of plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria. Paleobotany is a branch of paleontology that deals with the study of fossil plants, algae, and fungi.Taxonomy is the science of classification of living and extinct organisms, based on the Linnaean system of binomial nomenclature.

14. By whom was the scientific nomenclature or system of naming introduced? [RRB Group D 27/09/2018 (Afternoon)]

Correct Answer: (c) Linnaeus
Solution:

He is known as the "father of modern taxonomy". Carolus Linnaeus introduced the system of scientific nomenclature of organisms known as binomial nomenclature. Binomial nomenclature is the system of naming and classifying organisms and giving them scientific names to avoid confusion. For example, Panthera tigris is a scientific name for tigers.

15. What can you connect the theory of evolution to? [RRB Group D 04/10/2018 (Afternoon)]

Correct Answer: (b) Darwin
Solution:

He explains the theory of evolution in his book “The origin of species” which was published in 1859. Gregor Mendel (known as the father of modern genetics) discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance through his work on pea plants.

16. Who is known as the Father of Taxonomy? [RRB Group D 10/10/2018 (Morning)]

Correct Answer: (d) Carl Linnaeus
Solution:

Taxonomy deals with the study of naming, classifying, and comparing organisms based on similarities and dissimilarities. Linnaeus was the first taxonomist to establish a definite hierarchy of taxonomic categories recognized within the animal kingdom. These are kingdom, phylum, classes, order, family, genus, species and varieties.

17. Cavalier-Smith classified organisms into ______ kingdom. [RRB Group D 10/10/2018 (Evening)]

Correct Answer: (d) 6
Solution:

Thomas Cavalier-Smith proposed a six-kingdom classification system for living organisms. They are: Animalia, Protozoa, Fungi, Plantae (including red and green algae), Chromista, and Bacteria.

18. What is Carl Linnaeus known as: [RRB Group D 10/10/2018 (Evening)]

Correct Answer: (a) Father of Taxonomy
Solution:

The word ‘atom’ is coined by Democritus. Person and Sobriquet - Herodotus (Father of History), Socrates (Father of Philosophy), Aristotle (Father of Zoology).

19. In the nineteenth century, _______came up with the idea of evolution of species by natural selection. [RRB Group D 15/10/2018 (Afternoon)]

Correct Answer: (d) Charles Darwin
Solution:

He defined evolution as "descent with modification," the idea that species change over time, give rise to new species, and share a common ancestor. The theory of evolution by natural selection, first formulated in Darwin's book “On the Origin of Species” in 1859.
John Dalton - Father of atomic theory, he based his theory on the law of conservation of mass and the law of constant composition.
Johann Dobereiner - The arithmetic mean of the atomic masses of the first and third element in a triad would be approximately equal to the atomic mass of the second element in that triad. Father of Genetics - Gregor Mendel .

20. Oparin's theory about 'Origin of life' is related to: [RRB ALP Tier - I (20/08/2018) Afternoon]

Correct Answer: (a) chemical evolution
Solution:

Chemical evolution (Origin of life means the appearance of the simplest primordial life from nonliving matter) proposed by Alexander Oparin, was a Russian biochemist. Theory of evolution by natural selection - Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace.
Theory of organic evolution - All living things on earth are a result of descent, with modifications from a common ancestor. Paleontology is the study of fossils.