Railway Science (Chemistry-Chemical Reaction)

In the reaction, 2Al + Fe₂O₃ → Al₂O₃ + 2Fe, the substance that is the reducing agent is Al (Aluminium) and the substance that is the oxidizing agent is Fe (iron). The oxidation number of Al increases from 0 to +3 and the oxidation number of Fe decreases from +3 to 0.

It is the reaction of an acid and a base, which forms water and a salt. Precipitation reactions. Example : AgN𝑂₃ (aq) + KCl(aq) → AgCl + KN𝑂 . Combination Reaction - A chemical reaction where two or more elements or compounds combine to form a single product.
Example: 2𝐻₂(g) + 𝑂₂(g) → 2𝐻₂O(l).  Decomposition Reaction - Chemical reaction in which one reactant breaks down into two or more products. Example: 2HgO(s) →2Hg(l) + 𝑂₂ (g).

The oxidation state of Zinc reduces from +2 to 0 (ZnO is reduced to Zn), it is getting reduced, ZnO acts as an oxidising agent in the reaction: ZnO (Zinc Oxide) + C (Carbon) → Zn (Zinc) + CO (Carbon Monoxide). The oxidation state of Carbon increases from 0 to +2, C acts as a reducing agent.

Fe₂O₃ (Ferric Oxide) + 3CO (Carbon monoxide) → 3Fe (Iron) + 3C𝑂₂ (Carbon Dioxide). The oxidation state of Iron has reduced from +3 in Ferric oxide (oxidising agent) to 0 in Iron. The oxidation state of Carbon increases from +2 in Carbon monoxide (reducing agent) to +4 in Carbon dioxide.