Railway Science (Chemistry-Common Name)

Caustic Soda (Sodium hydroxide) (NaOH): Uses - Cleansing agent, manufacturing of washing soda, reagent in the laboratories, preparation of soda lime, used in the extraction of aluminium by purifying bauxite.
Baking soda (Sodium hydrogen carbonate) (NaHCO₃): Uses - An antacid medicine removes acidity of the stomach, making baking powder (used in making cakes, bread, etc.), used in fire extinguishers.
Washing soda (Sodium carbonate) (Na₂CO₃): Uses - a laboratory reagent, used in removing stains, used in removing the permanent hardness of the water, used in the manufacturing of soap, paper as well as glass and used in textiles and petroleum refining.

Formation of calcium carbonate by slaked lime and carbon dioxide: Ca(OH)₂ + CO₂ → CaCO₃ + H₂O. Calcium Bicarbonate Ca (HCO₃)₂ - used as a food additive, as an anti-caking agent, as a color stabilizer.
Calcium hydroxide {(Ca(OH)₂), slaked lime or hydrated lime} is a soft white powder that is widely used as a raw material in the chemical industry. Calcium sulfate (CaSO₄) is used in making plaster of paris and gypsum.

Halite - Predominantly composed of sodium chloride (NaCl) but also has minerals as calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, zinc, manganese, copper, sulfur, hydrogen and cobalt.
Limonite (Fe₂O₃.3H₂O): An ore of iron and it causes colouration in soil. Hematite (Fe₂O₃): An important ore foriron extraction and steel production (containing about 70% iron by weight).

Copper Sulphate (CuSO₄) - It is an inorganic compound that combines sulfur with copper. It is used as a fungicide against some plant diseases such as gray mold of potatoes, potato scab.
Vitriol and Chemical Name: Green vitriol - Ferrous sulphate or Iron(II) sulphate, Spirit of vitriol - Sulfuric acid, Red vitriol - Cobalt sulfate, Vitriol of Mars - Ferric sulfate, White vitriol - Zinc sulfate.

A ruby is a pink to blood-red colored gemstone. Some stones and their composition: Topaz - Al₂SiO₄ (F,OH)₂ , Quartz - SiO₂ , Diamond - C (Carbon), Emerald - [Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆ ] and Opal - SiO₂.nH₂O.

Gypsum (CaSO₄ . 2H₂O) - calcium sulphate dihydrate. Epsom Salt (MgSO₄ .7H₂O) - Magnesium sulphate. Blue vitriol (CuSO₄ .5H₂O) - Hydrated Copper sulfate.

Mercury (Hg) is heavy, white-silver liquid metal. It is a chemical element with atomic number 80. It was formerly named hydrargyrum. It is used in thermometers, barometers, manometers, sphygmomanometers, float valves, mercury switches.
List of Common Chemical Names - Bleaching powder (Calcium Hypochlorite), Pearl ash (Potassium Carbonate), White Lead (Lead Carbonate), Zinc White (Zinc Oxide), White Vitriol (Zinc Sulfate), Water Glass (Sodium Silicate), Soda Ash (Sodium Carbonate).

Helium (He, atomic number - 2) is a noble gas used to provide an inert protective atmosphere for making fibre optics and semiconductors, and for arc welding. Methane (CH₄) is a hydrocarbon that is a primary component of natural gas. It is used primarily as fuel to make heat and light. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a greenhouse gas.

Baking powder (Sodium hydrogencarbonate or NaHCO₃): Formation - In this process water, ammonia, carbon dioxide and brine solution in their concentrated form are used as the raw materials. The resultants in this process are Sodium Bicarbonate and Ammonium Chloride. Chemical reaction: CO₂ + H₂O + NH₃ + NaCl → NaHCO₃ + NH₄Cl.

Sodium bicarbonate or Baking soda (NaHCO₃) - An antacid used to relieve heartburn and acid indigestion. Potassium Carbonate (K₂CO₃) is used in pharmaceutical laboratories as a drying agent or a potassium source.
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO₃) - Management and treatment of low calcium conditions and various other indicated conditions. Sodium Carbonate (Na₂CO₃) - Coloring dyes and agents, fertilizers, synthetic detergents, and freshwater treatment.