Railway Science (Chemistry-Common Name)

Drying agent is used to remove water from an organic compound. Calcium oxide is used to dry ammonia gas. When Limestone (CaCO₃) is heated, it gives Calcium oxide. CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂ .
It is also known as quick lime. Uses - Manufacturing of cement, paper, Caustic Soda etc. Compound Chemical Formula: Calcium Carbide (CaC₂), Calcium Carbonate (CaCO₃), Gypsum CaSO₄ .2H₂O.

It is the only stable alkali metal nitride. Lithium (Li) has a valence of +1 (loses one electron). Nitrogen (N) has a valence of -3 (gains three electrons). Lithium is least reactive but the strongest reducing agent among all the alkali metals.

Chemical Compound Formula: Nitric acid - HNO₃ , Silver nitrate - AgNO₃ , Sodium carbonate - Na₂CO₃ , Sodium cyanide- NaCN, Sodium hydroxide- NaOH, Vinegar- C2H₄O₂ , UreaCH₄N₂O, Zinc sulfide- ZnS.

It is a flavor enhancer often added to restaurant foods, canned vegetables, soups and other foods. Calcium carbonate: This is known as chalk or limestone. Calcium hypochlorite: This is a bleaching agent and disinfectant. Sodium benzoate: This is a preservative used in some foods.

It reacts vigorously with water to produce slaked lime (Calcium hydroxide - Ca(OH)₂) releasing a large amount of heat. Calcium Carbonate (CaCO₃) : It is also known as chalk. This is the main component of limestone and marble.

Calcium Hydroxide, Ca(OH)₂ - It is a colorless crystal or white powder and is produced when quicklime (calcium oxide, CaO) is mixed with water. Other names: Hydrated lime, Lime hydrate, Lime water, Hydralime.
Uses in: Mortar, Plaster, Cement, Lubricants, Drilling fluids, Paper pulp, and Water treatment. CaCO₃ - Calcium carbonate. Calcium Chloride (CaCl₂) also known as Calcium dichloride or Calcium chloride anhydrous.

The formula for sodium is – Na⁺, and Sulphate is – SO₄²⁻. Chemical Compound Formulas: Acetic acid- CH₃COOH, Sulfuric acid- H₂SO₄ ,
Calcium carbonate- CaCO₃ , Sodium hydroxide- NaOH, Hydroiodic acid- HI, sodium sulfite (NaSO₃).

Uses - Oxidising agent in chemical industries, Disinfection of drinking water, Bleaching washed clothes in the laundry. Chemical Formula and their Common Name : Table Salt/ Common Salt - Sodium Chloride (NaCl), Washing Soda - Sodium Carbonate Decahydrate (Na₂C𝑂₃.10𝐻₂𝑂), Slaked Lime - Calcium Hydroxide (Ca (𝑂𝐻)₂),
Plaster of Paris - Calcium Sulphate Hemihydrate (CaS𝑂₄.½𝐻₂𝑂),
QuickLime - Calcium Oxide (CaO), Gypsum - Calcium Sulphate Dihydrate (CaS𝑂₄. 2𝐻₂𝑂), Limestone - Calcium  Carbonate (CaC𝑂₃).

Mercury (Hg) - White-Silvery Liquid Metal. It is found in Group - 12 of the modern periodic table. Atomic Number - 80 and d block element. Uses - Fluorescent lighting, manometers, barometers, thermometers, float valves, and mercury switches. Other Group 12 Elements - Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), Copernicium (Cn).

(NH₄)₃PO₄ : Ammonium phosphate is an inorganic compound. It is the ammonium salt of orthophosphoric acid. It is a high source of elemental nitrogen used as an ingredient in certain fertilizers.
(NH₄)₂PO₄ - Diammonium hydrogen phosphate, used as a yeast nutrient in winemaking and to aid in cheese culturing.