Railway Science (Environment – Environmental Conservation)

The United Nations, through the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), has been at the cutting edge of assisting in the development of creative new carbon markets.

The Paris Agreement is a legally binding international treaty on climate change. It was adopted by 196 Parties at the UN Climate Change Conference (COP21) in Paris, France, on 12 December 2015. It entered into force on 4 November 2016.It covers climate change mitigation, adaptation, and finance.

Kyoto Protocol - It is an international agreement that aims to reduce carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions and the presence of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere. Kyoto Protocol, international treaty, named for the Japanese city in which it was adopted in December 1997.

In October 2009, the President of the Maldives, Mohamed Nasheed, and his cabinet members held an underwater meeting while wearing scuba gear. Aim: To draw attention to the threat of rising sea levels and the vulnerability of low-lying island nations like the Maldives to climate change.
UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1992), Headquarters :- Bonn (Germany), Aim:- To support the global response to the threat of climate change.

Published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Botanical Survey of India (BSI): Headquarters- Kolkata, Founded on 13 February 1890. BSI was established by Sir George King. Objective: Exploring the plant resources of the country and identifying plant species with economic virtue.

Biological Diversity Act - It aims at the conservation of biological resources, managing its sustainable use and enabling fair and equitable sharing benefits arising out of the use and knowledge of biological resources with the local communities.
The act envisaged a three-tier structure to regulate the access to biological resources - The National Biodiversity Authority (NBA), The State Biodiversity Boards (SBBs), The Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs) (at local level).

The Wildlife Protection Act 1972 - It provides for the formation of wildlife advisory boards, wildlife wardens, specifies their powers and duties. It helped India become a party to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).

Project Elephant - This project was launched by the Government of India Ministry of Environment and Forests to provide financial and technical support of wildlife management efforts by states for their free ranging populations of wild Asian Elephants. Project Tiger : Launched - 1 April 1973. Motto - “India Leads Tiger Conservation”.

Biosphere reserves - The particular areas which are protected and meant for the conservation of life forms like plants and animals. National park - An area set aside by a national government for the preservation of the natural environment. A zoo is a facility where animals are kept for public display and education.