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Science and Technology (Part-I)

📆 March 28, 2025

Total Questions: 50

1. With reference to Indian satellites and their launchers, consider the following statements: [2002]

1. All the INSAT series of satellites were launched abroad.

2. PSLVs were used to launch IRS-series of satellites.

3. India used the indigenously built cryogenic engines for the first time for powering the third stage of GSLV.

4. GSAT, launched in the year 2001, has payloads to demonstrate digital broadcasts and internet services.

Which of these statements are correct?

Correct Answer: (a) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Solution:PSLV is designed mainly to deliver the "earth-observation" or "remote-sensing" satellites with lift-off mass of up to about 1750 Kg to Sun-Synchronous circular polar orbits of 600-900 Km altitude. It is also used to launch the satellites of lower lift-off mass of up to about 1400 Kg to the elliptical Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO).

The GSLV is designed mainly to deliver the communication-satellites to the highly elliptical Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO). The satellite in GTO is further raised to its final destination, viz., Geo-synchronous Earth orbit (GEO) of about 3.6000 km altitude (and zero degree inclination on equatorial plane) by firing its in-built on-board engines.

Due to their geo-synchronous nature, the satellites in these orbits appear to remain permanently fixed in the same position in the sky, as viewed from a particular location on Earth. Therefore, statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect.

GSLV-Mk III is a three-stage vehicle with two solid motor strapons (S200), a liquid propellant core stage (L110) and a cryogenic stage (C-25). Statement 3 is incorrect.

2. Assertion (A): Artificial satellites are always launched from the earth in the eastward direction. [2002]

Reason (R): The earth rotates from west to east and so the satellite attains the escape velocity.

Correct Answer: (c) A is true but R is false
Solution:The surface velocity of rotation varies from point to point on the Earth. It is about 1600 km per hour or about 460 meters in a second near the equator. The velocity gradually reduces as we move to the poles and it is practically zero there. A satellite launched from the sites near the equator towards the east direction will get an initial boost equal to the velocity of Earth surface. This is similar to an athlete circling round and round before throwing a discus or a shot put. The initial boost helps in cutting down the cost of rockets used to launch the satellites. This is the major reason for launching satellites in the east ward direction. But this benefit can be taken only for such satellites which are placed in geo-stationary orbit or which circle the Earth parallel to the equator.

3. Consider the following statements: [2003]

1. India launched its first full-fledged meteorological satellite (METSAT) in September, 2002

2. For the first time, the space vehicle PSLV C-4 carried a payload of more than 1000 kg into a geosynchronous orbit Which of these statement is/are correct?

Correct Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2
Solution:METSAT was the first Indian (ISRO), Meteorological geostationary satellite designed to simultaneously obtain atmospheric cloud cover, water vapour and temperature data. PSLV-C4 carried a payload of 1060 kg in to a geosynchronous orbit.

4. NASA's Deep Impact space mission was employed to take detailed pictures of which comet nucleus? [2007]

Correct Answer: (d) Tempel 1
Solution:Deep Impact was a NASA space probe launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station on January 12, 2005. It was designed to study the interior composition of the comet Temple 1.

5. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched? [2007]

Correct Answer: (d) Atlantis: Space station
Solution:Atlantis was a Space Shuttle orbiter of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

6. Selene-1, the lunar orbiter mission belongs to which one of the followings? [2007]

Correct Answer: (c) Japan
Solution:Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) launched the Lunar Orbit Explorer "KAGUYA" (SELENE) at on September 14, 2007, from the Tanegashima Space Center. The major objectives of the mission are to understand the Moon's origin and evolution and to observe the Moon in various ways in order to utilize it in the future.

7. ISRO successfully conducted a rocket test using cryogenic engines in the year 2007. Where is the teststand used for the purpose, located? [2008]

Correct Answer: (c) Mahendragiri
Solution:It is located in Mahendragiri, Tamil Nadu.

8. Which one of the following is a spacecraft? [2008]

Correct Answer: (b) Cassini
Solution:Cassini is an unmanned spacecraft sent to the planet Saturn.

9. What is the purpose of the US Space Agency's Themis Mission, which was recently in the news? [2008]

Correct Answer: (c) To study the colourful of display of high latitude skies
Solution:The Themis mission, comprising five identical probes, aims to gain new insights into the colorful displays in high-latitude skies.

10. In the context of space technology, what is "Bhuvan", recently in the news? [2010]

Correct Answer: (c) A geoportal of ISRO with 3 D imaging capabilities of India.
Solution:Bhuvan, is a software application which allows users to explore a 2D/3D representation of the surface of the Earth. ISRO launched the beta version of its web-based GIS tool, Bhuvan, on August 12, 2009.

Bhuvan offers detailed imagery of Indian locations compared to other Virtual Globe Software, with spatial resolutions ranging up to 1 metre.

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