Science and Technology (Part-III)

Total Questions: 28

11. In India, the term "Public context of : [2020-1]

(a) Digital security infrastructure
(b) Food security infrastructure
(c) Health care and education infrastructure
(d) Telecommunication and transportation infrastructure

Correct Answer: (a) Digital security infrastructure

Solution:India is among those few nations that have the Digital Signature Legislation.

Digital signatures deploy the Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) technology.

12. With the present state of development, Artificial Intelligence can effectively do which of the following? [2020-1]

1. Bring down electricity consumption in industrial units

2. Create meaningful short stories and songs

3. Disease diagnosis

4. Text-to-speech conversion

5. Wireless transmission of electrical energy

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1, 2, 3 and 5 only
(b) 1, 3, and 4 only
(c) 2, 4, and 5 only
(d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

Correct Answer: (b) 1, 3, and 4 only

Solution:Artificial Intelligence is an interdisciplinary science with multiple approaches.
Artificial intelligence has the possibility to cut energy waste, lower energy costs, and facilitate and speed up the use of clean renewable energy sources in power grids worldwide. Hence statement 1 is correct.

Artificial intelligence cannot hold a meaningful conversation like humans, write songs and stories. Hence statement 2 is not correct.

Google in their latest research proves that a neural network an be trained to detect signs of lung cancer earlier and faster than trained radiologists. Hence statement 3 is correct.

Google Assistant speech recognition Al uses deep neural networks to learn how to improve understand spoken commands and questions as well as for text-to-speech conversion. Hence statement 4 is correct.

Artificial Intelligence cannot effectively do wireless transmission of electrical energy. Hence statement 5 is not correct.

13. With reference to visible light communication (VLC) technology, which of the following statements are correct? [2020-1]

1. VLC uses electromagnetic spectrum wavelengths 375 to 780nm

2. VLC is known as long-range optical wireless communication

3. VLC can transmit large amounts of data faster than Bluetooth

4. VLC has no electromagnetic interference

Select the correct answer using the code given below

(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 1, 2 and 4 only
(c) 1, 3 and 4 only
(d) 2, 3 and 4 only

Correct Answer: (c) 1, 3 and 4 only

Solution:Li-Fi is a Visible Light Communications (VLC) system for running wireless communication. Li-Fi's main disadvantage: It is effective for short range only. Says, Ravi Agrahari's Book, chapter 14 on the Internet.

So, #2 is wrong by elimination, the answer is (c).

14. With reference to solar water pumps, consider the following statements: [2020-1]

1. Solar power can be used for running surface pumps and not for submersible pumps.

2. Solar power can be used for running centrifugal pumps and not the ones with piston.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution:Some solar submersible pumps use a centrifugal mechanism as a surface pump, While others use a positive displacement mechanism. So that means statement#1 is WRONG, and second#2 is partially correct.

Further internet search reveals existence of solar powered piston pump systems that can pump water from a well and delivers it to an elevated Storage tank. #2 is wrong.

So, #2 is wrong. By elimination, the answer is (c).

15. With reference to street-lighting, how do sodium lamps differ from LED lamps? [2021-1]

1. Sodium lamps produce light in 360 degrees but it is not so in the case of LED lamps.

2. As street-lights, sodium lamps have longer life span than LED lamps.

3. The spectrum of visible light from sodium lamps is almost monochromatic while LED lamps offer significant colour advantages in street-lighting.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 3 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer: (c) 1 and 3 only

Solution:Sodium lamps provide 360 degree light emitting. Whereas, LED lights tend to direct light downward, rather than a full 360 degrees. #1 is right.

HPS Lights have good lifespans around 14,000 hours though this is significantly less than LEDs. LEDs last longer than any light source commercially available on the market. #2 is wrong.

Monochromatic light means that the light has a single wavelength. The LED light is not monochromatic because it is made up of different wavelengths, therefore is polychromatic. Often, a combination of wavelengths is used to create different colors. #3 is right.

Therefore, Correct Answer is "(c)": 1 and 3.

16. Which one of the following is used in preparing a natural mosquito repellent? [2021-1]

(a) Congress grass
(b) Elephant grass
(c) Lemon grass
(d) Nut grass

Correct Answer: (c) Lemon grass

Solution:Lemongrass leaves are the most commonly found plants found in India. You can use lemongrass oil or can crush the leaves and then applying the oily mixture directly to the skin. Therefore, Correct Answer is "c".

You could also apply some logic that to act as mosquito repellent the grass needs to have an aromatic smell. So Elephant grass could not be the answer and lemongrass may have been the answer.

17. Consider the following: [2022-1]

1. Aarogya Setu

2. COWIN

3. Digi Locker

4. DIKSHA

Which of the above are built on top of open-source digital platforms?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 1, 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Correct Answer: (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Solution:Option (d) is correct: Digi locker, Diksha, Aarogya Setu, the Covid-19 vaccination platform COWIN - built on top of open-source digital platforms so all four are correct.

18. With reference to Web 3.0, consider the following statements: [2022-1]

1. Web 3.0 technology enables people to control their own data.

2. In Web 3.0 world, there can be blockchain based social networks.

3. Web 3.0 is operated by users collectively rather than a corporation.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3

Solution:Web 3.0 relies on Blockchain-based decentralized web giving more privacy to the people over their data. so all 3 statements are correct.

19. With reference to "Software as a Service (SaaS)", consider the following statements: [2022-1]

1. SaaS buyers can customize the user interface and can change data fields.

2. SaaS users can access their data through their mobile devices.

3. Outlook, Hotmail and Yahoo! Mail are forms of SaaS.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3

Solution:Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) is a way of delivering applications over the Internet as a service. Instead of installing and maintaining software on your device. All 3 statements are correct.

20. Which one of the following statements best reflects the idea behind the "Fractional Orbital Bombardment System" often talked about in media? [2022-1]

(a) A hypersonic missile is launched into space to counter the asteroid approaching the Earth and explode it in space.
(b) A spacecraft lands on another planet after making several orbital motions.
(c) A missile is put into a stable orbit around the Earth and deorbits over a target on the Earth.
(d) A spacecraft moves along a comet with the same speed and places a probe on its surface.

Correct Answer: (c) A missile is put into a stable orbit around the Earth and deorbits over a target on the Earth.

Solution:The Fractional Orbital Bombardment System (FOBS) was developed by the USSR in 1960s to launch nuclear missiles from space.

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