Science and Technology (Part-III)

Total Questions: 28

21. Which one of the following is the context in which the term "qubit" is mentioned ? [2022-1]

(a) Cloud Services
(b) Quantum Computing
(c) Visible Light Communication Technologies
(d) Wireless Communication Technologies

Correct Answer: (b) Quantum Computing

Solution:Option (b) is correct: Just as a bit is the basic unit of information in a classical computer, a qubit is the basic unit of information in a quantum computer.

22. Consider the following communication technologies: [2022-1]

1. Closed-circuit Television

2. Radio Frequency Identification

3. Wireless Local Area Network

Which of the above are considered Short-Range devices/technologies?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3

Solution:Short Range Devices (SRD) are radio devices that offer a low risk of interference with other radio services, usually because their transmitted power and range is low. All three options are correct examples of SRD.

23. In the context of vaccines manufactured to prevent COVID-19 pandemic, consider the following statements: [2022-1]

1. The Serum Institute of India produced COVID-19 vaccine named Covishield using mRNA platform.

2. Sputnik V vaccine is manufactured using vector based platform.

3. COVAXIN is an inactivated pathogen based vaccine.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer: (b) 2 and 3 only

Solution:Statement 1 is wrong: Covishield does not use mRNA it uses viral vector platform. Therefore by elimination the answer is (b).

24. Which one of the following words/phrases is most appropriately used to denote "an interoperable network of 3D virtual worlds that can be accessed simultaneously by millions of users, who can exert property rights over virtual items"? [2024-1]

(a) Big data analytics
(b) Cryptography
(c) Metaverse
(d) Virtual matrix

Correct Answer: (c) Metaverse

Solution:The most appropriate word/phrase to describe the given concept is 'metaverse'. The metaverse is a convergence of physical and virtual spaces accessed via immersive technologies like virtual, augmented, and mixed reality. Seen as the next internet iteration, it is a persistent, shared 3D virtual world where avatars represent users, enabling them to move seamlessly between experiences. In this space, users can carry their identities and monetary assets, making the metaverse a collective digital environment integrating various aspects of daily life into a cohesive virtual experience. Hence the correct answer is (c).

25. Consider the following statements: [2024-1]

Statement-I: Giant stars live much longer than dwarf stars.

Statement-II: Compared to dwarf stars, giant stars have a greater rate of nuclear reactions.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements ?

(a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
(b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
(c) Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect
(d) Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct

Correct Answer: (d) Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct

Solution:Statement I is incorrect because giant stars have shorter lifetimes compared to dwarf stars. Their massive cores burn nuclear fuel more rapidly, leading to a quicker depletion of resources and thus a shorter lifespan.

Giant stars, with higher mass, possess hotter, denser cores leading to intense nuclear reactions. This boosts their brightness and energy output significantly compared to stars with lower mass. Thus, Statement II is correct.

26. Consider the following activities: [2024-1]

1. Identification of narcotics on passengers at airports or in aircraft

2. Monitoring of precipitation

3. Tracking the migration of animals

In how many of the above activities can the radars be used?

(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All three
(d) None

Correct Answer: (c) All three

Solution:Radars detect and locate objects using radio waves, essential in aviation, maritime navigation, weather forecasting, and military applications. They precisely track distance, speed, and direction over long distances and in various conditions. At airports, radars can identify narcotics on passengers and aircraft.

Weather radars, especially Doppler types, monitor precipitation and predict weather patterns. Additionally, radar technology tracks animal migration, particularly birds and bats, by monitoring their flight patterns and migration routes over large distances. Thus in all three activities radars can be used.

27. Which one of the following is the exhaust pipe emission from Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles, powered by hydrogen? [2024-1]

(a) Hydrogen peroxide
(b) Hydronium
(c) Oxygen
(d) Water vapour

Correct Answer: (d) Water vapour

Solution:The exhaust air from Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs) powered by hydrogen consists of pure water vapor. FCEVs emit only water vapor, making them locally emission-free and contributing to cleaner air in cities. Hence, the correct answer is (d).

28. Recently, the term "pumped-storage hydropower" is actually and appropriately discussed in the context of which one of the following? [2024-1]

(a) Irrigation of terraced crop fields
(b) Lift irrigation of cereal crops
(c) Long duration energy storage
(d) Rainwater harvesting system

Correct Answer: (c) Long duration energy storage

Solution:The term "pumped-storage hydropower" pertains to long-term energy storage. This involves a hydroelectric storage system using two water reservoirs situated at different heights.

Power is generated when water flows from the higher reservoir to the lower one through a turbine (discharge).

To restore the system, energy is needed to pump the water back up to the upper reservoir (recharge). Hence, the correct answer is (c).

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