Socio-Religious Movements (Parts-I)

Total Questions: 50

31. Who was the author of “Satyarth Prakash”? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]

(a) Swami Shraddhanand
(b) Maharishi D.K. Karve
(c) Swami Dayanand Saraswati
(d) Pt. Shri Ram Sharma, Acharya

Correct Answer: (c) Swami Dayanand Saraswati

Solution:The Satyarth Prakash (The Light of Truth) is the masterpiece of Swami Dayanand Saraswati written in 1875. Some call it as Magnum Opus. Swami Dayanand Saraswati’s original name was Mool Shankar Tiwari. He was born in 1824 in Morvi Princely state Gujarat in a rich Brahmin family. Arya Samaj is a Hindu reform movement, founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati in the year 1875.

32. Which among the following organizations supported Shuddhi movement? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]

(a) Arya Samaj
(b) Brahmo Samaj
(c) Dev Samaj
(d) Prarthana Samaj

Correct Answer: (a) Arya Samaj

Solution:The Shuddhi Movement was started by the Arya Samaj, founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati in 1875 in Bombay to bring back the people into Hinduism who converted to other religions from Hinduism.

33. Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R): [U.P.B.E.O. (Pre) 2019]

Assertion (A): The Arya Samaj Movement gave self-confidence and self-reliance to the Hindus.
Reason (R): The Arya Samaj Movement undermined the belief in superiority of White Race.

Choose the correct answer from the codes given below:
Codes:

(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.

Correct Answer: (b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Solution:Arya Samaj was established by Swami Dayanand Saraswati in April, 1875 at Bombay. Its main aim was to re-establish Vedic religion in its purer form & to socially, politically, and religiously integrate India. It also aimed to instill self-confidence and self-reliance in Hindus. Arya Samaj accepted the superiority of Hindus and rejected the White Race superiority belief. Hence both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct but Reason (R) does not explain Assertion (A). Hence option (b) is correct.

34. Which category of population were primarily attracted by Religious reform movements of the nineteenth century? [47th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2005]

(i) Intellectuals
(ii) Urban upper castes
(iii) Poor ordinariness class
(iv) Liberal princes

Choose your answer from the given code:

(a) Only i
(b) i and ii
(c) i, ii and iii
(d) i, ii and iv

Correct Answer: (d) i, ii and iv

Solution:19th-century religious and social reforms movement has a special place in the modern history of India. The movement mostly affected the intellectuals and the middle-class people. Poor ordinary classes were almost out of these movements. Intellectuals, urban upper castes, and liberal princes were mostly affected by this movement.

35. Consider the following statements: [R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2016]

Assertion (A): Socio-religious movements of the 19th century resulted in the modernization of India.

Reason (R): Rationalism, scientific temper, and other such ideas which are the basis of modernization were at the core of the socio-religious movements.

Select the correct answer from the code given below:

Code:

(a) (R) is true, but (A) is false.
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Correct Answer: (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Solution:In the 19th century, all socio-religious reforms, whether by Hindu, Muslim, Sikh, and Parsis, aimed at the spread of modern education, fight against social evil practices and use the tool of modern education to awaken and lead to the modernization of India. The reformers wanted society to accept the rational and scientific approach. They laid stress on a rational understanding of social and religious ideas and encouraged scientific, humanitarian outlook to achieve their goal. Therefore, (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

36. Which of the following class has been influenced by Western civilization firstly? [R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1996]

(a) Noble landlords
(b) New rich merchants
(c) Educated Hindu middle class
(d) Educated Muslims

Correct Answer: (c) Educated Hindu middle class

Solution:Educated Hindu middle class was primarily affected by western culture. The new western-educated class was highly affected by rationalism, scientism, and humanism. Reformers in Indian society and religion sought to improve the society and Hindu religion inspired by the enlightenment and denied superstition, pilgrimage, and idolatry.

37. Who among the following great men is called the ‘Father of Indian Renaissance’? [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1994]

(a) Vivekananda
(b) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
(c) Rabindra Nath Tagore
(d) Dayanand Saraswati

Correct Answer: (b) Raja Ram Mohan Roy

Solution:Raja Ram Mohan Roy was the first Indian who started a movement against prevailing evils in the Indian society. Due to his innovative ideas, the nineteenth century of India saw the emergence of the Renaissance. Raja Ram Mohan Roy was also known as ‘Father of the Indian Renaissance’, ‘Father of Indian Nationalism’, ‘Bridge between past and future’, ‘Father of Modern India’, ‘First Modern Man’ and ‘Yugadoot’.

38. Who is regarded as the father of Indian Nationalism? [U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2013]

(a) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(c) Surendranath Banerjee
(d) None of the above

Correct Answer: (d) None of the above

Solution:Raja Ram Mohan Roy, often hailed as the "Father of Indian Renaissance," was a visionary reformer whose efforts paved the way for modern India. Born on May 22, 1772, in Radhanagar, Bengal, Rajaram Mohan Roy belonged to a prosperous and orthodox Brahmin family.

Raja Ram Mohan Roy's social reforms were instrumental in challenging and dismantling oppressive practices that plagued Indian society. His efforts were driven by a profound commitment to justice and equality, reflecting his deep empathy for the marginalised and oppressed.

Atmiya Sabha: In 1814, Roy founded the Atmiya Sabha (i.e., the Society of Friends), a philosophical discussion circle in Kolkata, to address the issues of idolatry, rigid caste structures, and meaningless rituals that dominated society. This platform became a space for intellectual and social discourse aimed at eradicating these social ills.
Abolition of Sati: One of his most significant contributions was the campaign against the barbaric practice of Sati, where widows were forced to immolate themselves on their husband's funeral pyre.
Roy was horrified by this custom and worked tirelessly to raise awareness and lobby the British government to ban it.
His relentless efforts led to the official abolition of Sati with Regulation XVII in 1829, under the British Governor-General, Lord William Bentinck.
Opposition to Child Marriage and Polygamy: Raja Ram Mohan Roy strongly opposed child marriage and polygamy, which were widespread in 19th-century India. He also advocated for women's education, viewing it as essential for social change and empowering women to make informed life choices.

39. Who is called the ‘father of Indian Renaissance’? [Uttrakhand U.D.A./LDA (Mains) 2007]

(a) Raja Ram Mohan Rai
(b) Dayanand Saraswati
(c) Swami Vivekanand
(d) Ramkrishna Paramhansa

Correct Answer: (a) Raja Ram Mohan Rai

Atmiya Sabha: In 1814, Roy founded the Atmiya Sabha (i.e., the Society of Friends), a philosophical discussion circle in Kolkata, to address the issues of idolatry, rigid caste structures, and meaningless rituals that dominated society. This platform became a space for intellectual and social discourse aimed at eradicating these social ills.
Abolition of Sati: One of his most significant contributions was the campaign against the barbaric practice of Sati, where widows were forced to immolate themselves on their husband's funeral pyre.
Roy was horrified by this custom and worked tirelessly to raise awareness and lobby the British government to ban it.
His relentless efforts led to the official abolition of Sati with Regulation XVII in 1829, under the British Governor-General, Lord William Bentinck.
Opposition to Child Marriage and Polygamy: Raja Ram Mohan Roy strongly opposed child marriage and polygamy, which were widespread in 19th-century India. He also advocated for women's education, viewing it as essential for social change and empowering women to make informed life choices.

40. Who was the father of the Indian Renaissance movement? [53rd to 55th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2011]

(a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(b) Dayanand Saraswati
(c) Shraddhanand
(d) Raja Ram Mohan Roy

Correct Answer: (d) Raja Ram Mohan Roy

Atmiya Sabha: In 1814, Roy founded the Atmiya Sabha (i.e., the Society of Friends), a philosophical discussion circle in Kolkata, to address the issues of idolatry, rigid caste structures, and meaningless rituals that dominated society. This platform became a space for intellectual and social discourse aimed at eradicating these social ills.
Abolition of Sati: One of his most significant contributions was the campaign against the barbaric practice of Sati, where widows were forced to immolate themselves on their husband's funeral pyre.
Roy was horrified by this custom and worked tirelessly to raise awareness and lobby the British government to ban it.
His relentless efforts led to the official abolition of Sati with Regulation XVII in 1829, under the British Governor-General, Lord William Bentinck.
Opposition to Child Marriage and Polygamy: Raja Ram Mohan Roy strongly opposed child marriage and polygamy, which were widespread in 19th-century India. He also advocated for women's education, viewing it as essential for social change and empowering women to make informed life choices.

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