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Socio-Religious Movements (Parts-II)

📆 October 16, 2024

Total Questions: 50

1. Who adorned Ram Mohan Roy with the title of ‘Raja’? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017]

Correct Answer: (d) Mughal Emperor Akbar II
Solution:The title ‘Raja’ was awarded to Ram Mohan Roy by the then Mughal emperor Akbar-II in 1830. Ram Mohan Roy travelled to England as an ambassador of the Mughal emperor to plead for his pension and allowances. Raja Ram Mohan Roy passed away on September 27, 1833, at Stapleton near Bristol due to meningitis. His Samadhi is located here in Bristol.

2. The Samadhi of Raja Rammohan Roy is in: [Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2006]

Correct Answer: (c) Bristol, England
Solution:The title ‘Raja’ was awarded to Ram Mohan Roy by the then Mughal emperor Akbar-II in 1830. Ram Mohan Roy travelled to England as an ambassador of the Mughal emperor to plead for his pension and allowances. Raja Ram Mohan Roy passed away on September 27, 1833, at Stapleton near Bristol due to meningitis. His Samadhi is located here in Bristol.

3. Consider the following: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2016]

  1. Calcutta Unitarian Committee
  2. Tabernacle of New Dispensation
  3. Indian Reform Association

Keshav Chandra Sen is associated with the establishment of which of the above?

Correct Answer: (b) 2 and 3 only
Solution:Calcutta Unitarian Committee was established by Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Dwarkanath Tagore, and William Adam, while Keshav Chandra Sen laid the foundation of the temple called "Tabernacle of New Dispensation." Indian Reform Association was formed on 29th October 1870 with Keshav Chandra Sen as its president. Thus, the establishment of "Tabernacle of New Dispensation" and "Indian Reform Association" was related to Keshav Chandra Sen. Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.

4. The founder of 'Bhartiya Brahmo Samaj' was: [U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl) (Pre) 2010, U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl) (Mains) 2010, U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2006]

Correct Answer: (c) Keshav Chandra Sen
Solution:The founder of ‘Brahmo Samaj of India’ (Bhartiya Brahmo Samaj) was Keshav Chandra Sen. Devendra Nath stripped the title of ‘Acharya’ from Keshav Chandra in 1865. Hence Keshav Chandra Sen came out from original Brahmo Samaj and group under the influence of Devendra Nath Tagore called themselves as ‘Adi Brahmo Samaj.’ The group under the leadership of Keshav Chandra Sen called themselves as "Bhartiya Brahmo Samaj" or ‘Neo Brahmo Samaj.’ Again in 1878, ‘Navin Brahmo Samaj’ was further divided when Keshav Chandra Sen got married her under 14-year-old daughter with the king of Kooch, Bihar. To oppose his action, Anand Mohan Bose and Shivnath Shastri formed ‘Sadharan Brahmo Samaj.’

Note: On 20 August 1828, Raja Rammohan Roy rented a house of Feringhee Kamal Bose, where he formed Brahmo Samaj. Tarachand Chakroborty was its first secretary. Devendra Nath Tagore joined this society in 1843 and Keshav Chandra Sen in 1857. Due to the difference of opinion between Devendra Nath and Keshav Chandra, on 11 November 1866, Keshav Chandra formally formed 'Bhartiya Brahmo Samaj'. Brahmos earlier established Brahmo Samaj was known as ‘Adi Brahmo Samaj’. All these details are available on the website www.thebrahmosamaj.net, Gazetteer of India (vol II: History and Culture) and Macmillan published ‘social, cultural and economic history of India’ (writer – Puri, Das, and Chopra). Later famous historians Prof. B. L. Grover and Prof. R. L. Shukla etc. in their book unknowingly described Keshav Chandra's ‘Neo Brahmo Samaj’ as ‘Adi Brahmo Samaj’. As described by famous historians, other books, and examination institutions termed Keshav Chandra Sen's group as the leader of ‘Adi Brahmo Samaj’ whereas the fact is entirely opposite. Therefore, Keshav's 'Neo Brahmo Samaj' was ‘Bhartiya Brahmo Samaj’ and basic Brahmo Samaj under the leadership of Devendra Nath was 'Adi Brahmo Samaj'.

5. Who founded the Adi Brahma Samaj? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2020]

Correct Answer: (a) Devendranath Tagore
Solution:Devendranath Tagore joined 'Brahmo Samaj' in 1843. Later he appointed Keshav Chandra Sen ‘Acharya’ of Brahmo Samaj. However, due to the difference of opinion on the stripped title of 'Acharya' from Keshav Chandra Sen in 1865, Keshav Sen left the Brahmo Samaj and formed 'Brahmo Samaj of India' in 1866 while Devendranath Tagore's Samaj came to be known as Adi Brahma Samaj.

6. The Brahmo Samaj is based on the principle of: [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2005, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999]

Correct Answer: (a) Monotheism
Solution:Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded Brahmo Samaj in 1828. The objectives of Brahmo Samaj were- monotheism, opposing idolatry, and denial of anthropomorphism. Brahmo Samaj emphasized the universal worship of God.

7. Which reformer of Maharashtra is also known as ‘Lokahitwadi’? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1995]

Correct Answer: (d) Gopal Hari Deshmukh
Solution:Gopal Hari Deshmukh (1823–1892 A.D.) was a social reformer and intellectual thinker from Maharashtra, India. He was born in Pune. At the age of 25, Deshmukh started writing articles aimed at social reform in Maharashtra in the weekly 'Prabhakar' under the pen name 'Lokahitwadi.' In the first two years, he penned 108 articles on social reform. That group of articles has come to be known in Marathi literature as 'Lokahitwadinch Shatapatre.' He became the member of the Council of Governor-General in 1880 A.D. He appeared in the court of Delhi wearing hand-woven Khadi clothes, as a supporter of the National self-reliance.

8. Who was known by the nickname "Lokahitwadi"? [U.P.P.C.S. (Re. Exam) (Pre) 2015]

Correct Answer: (a) Gopal Hari Deshmukh
Solution:Gopal Hari Deshmukh (1823–1892 A.D.) was a social reformer and intellectual thinker from Maharashtra, India. He was born in Pune. At the age of 25, Deshmukh started writing articles aimed at social reform in Maharashtra in the weekly 'Prabhakar' under the pen name 'Lokahitwadi.' In the first two years, he penned 108 articles on social reform. That group of articles has come to be known in Marathi literature as 'Lokahitwadinch Shatapatre.' He became the member of the Council of Governor-General in 1880 A.D. He appeared in the court of Delhi wearing hand-woven Khadi clothes, as a supporter of the National self-reliance.

9. The campaign for widow remarriage in Maharashtra was led by: [U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013]

Correct Answer: (a) Vishnu Parashuram Pandit
Solution:The campaign for widow remarriage in Maharashtra was primarily led by Vishnu Parashuram Pandit. He founded the 'Widow Remarriage Association' in 1850 and also launched widow re-marriage movement. B.M. Malabari is famous for legally eliminating child marriage.

10. The Greatest Parsi Social reformer of the 19th century was: [R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2010]

Correct Answer: (d) Behramji M. Mallabari
Solution:Behramji M. Malabari was the greatest Parsi social reformer of the 19th century. He was born in 1853 in a Parsi family in Baroda. He edited a circular against child marriage and in support of widow remarriage. 'The Age of Consent Act, 1891' was passed by his efforts.
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