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Socio-Religious Movements (Parts-III)

📆 October 16, 2024

Total Questions: 45

1. Who said that "If God were to tolerate untouchability, I would not recognize him as God at [U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2004]

Correct Answer: (b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Solution:Tilak said that all Indians are children of the same motherland. There could be no spiritual and moral defence of untouchability. He said in thundering words: "If God were to tolerate untouchability, I would not recognize him as God at all."
  • Bal Gangadhar Tilak, commonly known as Lokmanya Tilak, was a prominent Indian nationalist, freedom fighter, social reformer, and political leader during the Indian independence movement.
  • He was one of the prime architects of modern India and probably the strongest advocate of Swaraj, or Self Rule for India.
  • He is known for his slogan, "Swaraj is my birthright, and I shall have it."
  • He was born as Keshav Gangadhar Tilak, and his followers bequeathed upon him the title of 'Lokmanya', meaning he who is revered by the people.
  • Extremist: • He was considered a radical Nationalist.
    • The British Government termed him the "Father of Indian Unrest".
  • Organisations: • He joined the Indian National Congress Party in 1890.
    • He also helped found the All India Home Rule League in 1916-18 with G. S. Khaparde and Annie Besant.
    • Tilak started his Home Rule League in Maharashtra, Central Provinces, and Karnataka and Berar region.
    • Besant's League was active in the rest of India.
    • It aimed to advocate for self-rule and raise public awareness about India's right to govern itself.
  • Literary works: • Tilak was a prolific writer and journalist.
    • He used his newspaper, "Kesari" (meaning Lion) in Marathi and later "Maratha" in English, to disseminate nationalist ideas.
    • Some of his notable literary works include "The Arctic Home in the Vedas," where he presented his theory that the Vedas originated in the Arctic region, and "Shrimad Bhagavad Gita Rahasya," an interpretation of the Bhagavad Gita from a nationalist perspective

2. Who of the following said, 'good Government is no substitute for Self-Government'? [Uttranchal P.C.S. (Pre) 2005]

Correct Answer: (c) Swami Dayanand
Solution:Dayanand Saraswati was a reformer who believed in pragmatism. He preached against many rituals of the Hindu religion such as idol-worship, caste by birth, animal sacrifices, and restrictions of women from reading Vedas. Dayanand Saraswati was clearly of the view that 'good Government is no substitute for self-Government.' Though Arya Samaj was never a political body, it worked for spreading the sentiment of nationalism in the country.

3. Who amongst the following first used the word 'Swaraj' and accepted Hindi as the national language? [R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 1999]

Correct Answer: (b) Swami Dayanand
Solution:Swami Dayanand was the first to use the word 'Swaraj' and declared Hindi as the national language. He was the first who emphasized adopting Swadeshi products and boycotting foreign products. All these views were later used in the Indian National Movement.

4. Who among the following said, "India for the Indians"? [Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2023]

Correct Answer: (c) Dayananda Saraswati
Solution:The statement, "India for the Indians" was said by Dayananda Saraswati. This was his political message as he thought that Indian society is being under excessive stranglehold of western civilization which he thought was a colonial design to submerge the Indian national identity in the British Empire.

5. Arrange the following in chronological order: [Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007]

  1. Tulsidas
  2. Raja Rammohan Roy
  3. Swami Vivekanand
  4. Dayanand Saraswati
Correct Answer: (b) 1, 2, 4, 3
Solution:The period of Tulsidas was 16th century AD, Raja Ram Mohan Roy 1772-1833 AD, Dayanand Saraswati 1824-1833 AD and Vivekanand 1863-1902 AD.

6. Who was the founder of ‘Prarthana Samaj’? [Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2004]

Correct Answer: (e) Aatma Ram Pandurang
Solution:Prarthana Samaj was founded by Atma Ram Pandurang on the inspirations of Keshav Chandra Sen in 1867 in Bombay. Mahadev Govind Ranade joined the society in 1869. The movement was started for religious and social reform in Maharashtra and was much like Brahmo Samaj. The main objectives of this society were disapproval of caste system, raising the age of marriage for both males and females, widow remarriage and women's education. The socio-reform movement of Ranade was continued successfully until the end of the 19th century. Dhondo Keshav Karve and Vishnu Shastri were two other followers of his social reform programs. Ranade and Karve started the widow remarriage movement and also founded 'Hindu Widows Home' to provide education to widows. Ranade is mentioned as the "Father of cultural renaissance in Western India."

7. . Prarthana Samaj was established in [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2022]

Correct Answer: (d) Maharashtra
Solution:Prarthana Samaj was founded by Atma Ram Pandurang on the inspirations of Keshav Chandra Sen in 1867 in Bombay. Mahadev Govind Ranade joined the society in 1869. The movement was started for religious and social reform in Maharashtra and was much like Brahmo Samaj. The main objectives of this society were disapproval of caste system, raising the age of marriage for both males and females, widow remarriage and women's education. The socio-reform movement of Ranade was continued successfully until the end of the 19th century. Dhondo Keshav Karve and Vishnu Shastri were two other followers of his social reform programs. Ranade and Karve started the widow remarriage movement and also founded 'Hindu Widows Home' to provide education to widows. Ranade is mentioned as the "Father of cultural renaissance in Western India."

8. Who was the founder of ‘Prarthana Samaj’? [53rd to 55th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2011]

Correct Answer: (a) Atmaram Panduranga
Solution:Prarthana Samaj was founded by Atma Ram Pandurang on the inspirations of Keshav Chandra Sen in 1867 in Bombay. Mahadev Govind Ranade joined the society in 1869. The movement was started for religious and social reform in Maharashtra and was much like Brahmo Samaj. The main objectives of this society were disapproval of caste system, raising the age of marriage for both males and females, widow remarriage and women's education. The socio-reform movement of Ranade was continued successfully until the end of the 19th century. Dhondo Keshav Karve and Vishnu Shastri were two other followers of his social reform programs. Ranade and Karve started the widow remarriage movement and also founded 'Hindu Widows Home' to provide education to widows. Ranade is mentioned as the "Father of cultural renaissance in Western India."

9. Who was the founder of ‘Prarthana Samaj’? [U.P.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2010]

Correct Answer: (a) Atmaram Pandurang
Solution:Prarthana Samaj was founded by Atma Ram Pandurang on the inspirations of Keshav Chandra Sen in 1867 in Bombay. Mahadev Govind Ranade joined the society in 1869. The movement was started for religious and social reform in Maharashtra and was much like Brahmo Samaj. The main objectives of this society were disapproval of caste system, raising the age of marriage for both males and females, widow remarriage and women's education. The socio-reform movement of Ranade was continued successfully until the end of the 19th century. Dhondo Keshav Karve and Vishnu Shastri were two other followers of his social reform programs. Ranade and Karve started the widow remarriage movement and also founded 'Hindu Widows Home' to provide education to widows. Ranade is mentioned as the "Father of cultural renaissance in Western India."

10. Who was the chief director of Prarthana Samaj in Maharashtra? [U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2004]

Correct Answer: (b) M.G. Ranade
Solution:Prarthana Samaj was founded by Atma Ram Pandurang on the inspirations of Keshav Chandra Sen in 1867 in Bombay. Mahadev Govind Ranade joined the society in 1869. The movement was started for religious and social reform in Maharashtra and was much like Brahmo Samaj. The main objectives of this society were disapproval of caste system, raising the age of marriage for both males and females, widow remarriage and women's education. The socio-reform movement of Ranade was continued successfully until the end of the 19th century. Dhondo Keshav Karve and Vishnu Shastri were two other followers of his social reform programs. Ranade and Karve started the widow remarriage movement and also founded 'Hindu Widows Home' to provide education to widows. Ranade is mentioned as the "Father of cultural renaissance in Western India."
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