Socio-Religious Movements (Parts-III)

Total Questions: 45

31. Who among the following social reformers was known for proficiency in the Sanskrit language? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013]

(a) Dayanand Saraswati
(b) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
(c) Raja Rammohan Roy
(d) All the above

Correct Answer: (d) All the above

Solution:Dayanand Saraswati, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar and Raja Ram Mohan Roy made tireless efforts for socio-religious reforms in India during British rule. All of them were proficient in Sanskrit language and denied the evils of Hindu religion and society.

32. Read the following statements carefully— [Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2008]

Brahmo Samaj supported monotheism.
Arya Samaj contributed to the development of education.
Swami Vivekanand founded Ramakrishna Mission.

(a) 1, 2 and 3 are true
(b) 1 and 2 are true
(c) 1 and 3 are true
(d) 2 and 3 are true

Correct Answer: (a) 1, 2 and 3 are true

Solution:Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded Brahmo Samaj on August 20, 1828, at Calcutta. This society denied idolatry, anthropomorphism, sacerdotalism, and preached the universal worship of God. Arya Samaj was founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati in 1875. The followers of this society had played an important role in the development of knowledge and education. Ramakrishna Mission was founded by Swami Vivekananda in 1897.

33. The women’s movement in India started largely under the inspiration of: [48th to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008]

(a) Padmabai Ranade
(b) Annie Besant
(c) Sarojini Naidu
(d) Jyotiba Phule

Correct Answer: (d) Jyotiba Phule

Solution:The women’s movement in India started largely under inspirations of Jyotiba Phule. He used to believe that social evils could be eliminated only after uplifting the women and Dalits. He opened the first school for girls in India in 1848. Ramabai Ranade was the inspiration of the women’s movement in Modern India. She was the wife of Mahadev Govind Ranade. She founded an organization 'Seva Sadan.' If Ramabai is mentioned in the given options, then it will be the correct answer. This was the reason that the Bihar Public Service Commission did not consider any option as correct and started the question.

34. What was common among Brahmo Samaj, Ram Krishna Mission, and Arya Samaj? [R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2008]

(a) None of these had a political mission but they helped to develop a spirit of patriotism
(b) All the three originated from Bengal
(c) Founder of all the three was educated in England
(d) Founder of all the three took active part in politics

Correct Answer: (a) None of these had a political mission but they helped to develop a spirit of patriotism

Solution:Brahmo Samaj, Ramakrishna Mission, and Arya Samaj, all of them, helped in social reforms, development of education and development of patriotism. None of these had a political mission but they helped to develop the spirit of patriotism.

35. Which of the following statement is not correct? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1995]

(a) Dr. Annie Besant was a Theosophist.
(b) The International headquarter of Theosophical society is in Madras.
(c) Swami Dyananand founded Arya Samaj.
(d) Mahatma Gandhi was born in Gandhinagar.

Correct Answer: (d) Mahatma Gandhi was born in Gandhinagar.

Solution:Mahatma Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, at Porbandar. Hence option (d) is incorrect. Annie Besant became the chairman of the Theosophical Society after the death of Colonel Olcott in 1907. She came in contact with this society in 1882 and became the official member in 1889. In 1879, the principal founders, Madam H.P. Blavatsky and Col. Olcott moved to India, where the Society spread rapidly. In 1882, they established the Society's International Headquarters in Adyar, a suburb of Madras (currently Chennai). Swami Dayanand Saraswati founded Arya Samaj in 1875 in Bombay.

36. Consider the following pairs: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2019]

Movement/Organisation	Leader
A. All India Anti-Untouchability League	1. Mahatma Gandhi
B. All India Kisan Sabha	2. Swami Sahajanand Saraswati
C. Self-Respect Movement	3. E.V. Ramaswami Naicker

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3

Solution:All India Anti-Untouchability League, which was later renamed as Harijan Sevak Sangh, was founded by Mahatma Gandhi in 1932. All India Kisan Sabha was established by Swami Sahajanand Saraswati in 1936 at Lucknow with N.G. Ranga as General Secretary. Self-Respect movement was founded by E.V. Ramaswami Naicker (famous as Periyar) for providing dignity to so-called lower caste people in Tamil Nadu.

37. Who advocated 'Neo-Buddhism'? [Chhattisgarh P.S.C. (Pre) 2018]

(a) Radhakrishnan
(b) Tagore
(c) Ambedkar
(d) Vivekananda

Correct Answer: (c) Ambedkar

Solution:Neo-Buddhism was the name given to the Dalit Buddha Movement started by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. Under this, Buddhism was redefined, and a new Buddhist sect 'Navayan' was founded.

To end the inhuman practice of untouchability, in 1935, Ambedkar, as president of the 'Yeola Conversion Conference', announced his decision to renounce Hinduism and asked the depressed castes to leave Hinduism entirely. After a detailed contemplation on various religions, Buddhism was chosen as. It is rational and progressive. It challenged the Brahmanical caste-based social hierarchies. It focused on modern ethical values and a scientific temperament and preached peace and compassion for social coexistence. He then recited the three jewels (Trisharan), five precepts (Panchsheel), pronounced the self- crafted 22 vows. Under the presence of monk Chandramani, Ambedkar and his wife took the Buddhist vows. The event is marked as the renaissance of Buddhism in India. Navayana Buddhism differs with the Mahayana and Vajrayana traditions of Buddhism. The 22 vows are divided into three major sections.

First part - to refuse to worship the Hindu pantheon or to follow Hindu religious dogmas
Second - it challenges the authority of the Brahmin priest
Third-promises to follow Buddhist principles.

38. 'Dar-ul-Ulum' was established by – [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2016]

(a) Maulana Shibli Numani
(b) Maulavi Hussain Ahmad
(c) Maulavi Abdullah Chakralavi
(d) Maulana Ahmad Riza Khan

Correct Answer: (a) Maulana Shibli Numani

Solution:Dar-ul-Ulum’ Nadwatul Ulma in general, known as Dar-ul-Uloom, was established at Lucknow in 1896. It was established by Nadwatul Ulma. Nadwatul Ulum was established by Maulana Lutfullah and Maulana Shibli Numani at Kanpur in 1893. Shibli Numani was a teacher at Dar-ul-Uloom or Ulum.

39. Paramahansa Mandali was established in which state? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2022]

(a) Orissa
(b) Bengal
(c) Maharashtra
(d) Bihar

Correct Answer: (c) Maharashtra

Solution:The Paramahansa Mandali was indeed a secret socio-religious group founded in Bombay, Maharashtra. It was established by Dadoba Pandurang Tarkhadkar, who aimed to promote a form of monotheism and reform within the Hindu society.

40. The Deoband Movement in U.P. (United Province) started in the year – [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]

(a) 1900 A.D.
(b) 1888 A.D.
(c) 1885 A.D.
(d) 1866 A.D.

Correct Answer: (d) 1866 A.D.

Solution:Deoband Movement was started in 1866 A.D. at Deoband in Saharanpur district of U.P. (United Province) with an avowed objective to overthrow the British rule in India, sub-continent, and restore Islamic rule. It was founded by Hazrat Maulana Muhammad Qasim Nanotavi, Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, Saiyad Ahmad Abid, Zulfiqar Ali etc.

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