SOLVED PAPER 2020 (CDS) (II) (English)

S1: The country’s economy is growing and would continue to grow at a rapid pace in the coming years.
S6: The market share of electrical vehicles increases with increasing availability of infrastructure.
P: It also provides us an opportunity to grow as manufacturer of electric vehicles.
Q: According to NITI Aayog (2019), if India reaches an electric vehicles sales penetration, emission and oil savings can be achieved.
R: Given the commitments that India has made on the climate front as a nation and on environmental aspects, it is likely that larger and larger share of automobile sector would be in the form of electric vehicles.
S: This presents a great opportunity for the automobile industry as the demand for automobiles would only increase.

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S1: Central government receipts can broadly be divided into non-debt and debt receipts.
S6: This is also evident from the composition of non-debt receipts.
P: Debt receipts mostly consist of market borrowing and other liabilities which the government is obliged to repay in the future.
Q: The non-debt receipts comprise of tax revenue, non-tax revenue, recovery of loans and disinvestment receipts.
R: The outcomes as reflected in the Provisional Actual figures is lower than the budget estimate owing to reduction in the net tax revenue.
S: The Budget 2018-19 targeted significantly high growth in non debt receipts of the Central Government, which was driven by robust growth.

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S1: Palaeontology is the study of the remains of dead organisms over enormous spans of time.
S6: Faunal analysis gives information about the animal people hunted and domesticated, the age of animal at death, and the diseases that afflicted them.
P: Bones provide a great information.
Q: The distribution of faunal remains (animal bones) at a site can indicate which areas were used for butchering, cooking, eating, bone tool making and refuse dumping.
R: Within this discipline, molecular biology and DNA studies have been used to understand hominid evolution.
S: Hominid evolution answers the questions about what ancient people looked like, and to plot patterns of migration.

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S1: Hormones have several functions in the body.
S6: The two hormones together regulate the glucose level in the blood.
P: They help to maintain the balance of biological activities in the body.
Q: Insulin is released in response to the rapid rise in blood glucose level.
R: On the other hand hormone glucagon tends to increase the glucose level in the blood.
S: The role of insulin in keeping the blood glucose level within the narrow limit is an example of this function.

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S1: All living things affect the living and non-living things around them.
S6: This interdependability needs to be understood when we, humans, consume much more than required and abuse nature.
P: This can also affect the population of fox, if foxes depend on rabbits for food.
Q: For example, earthworms, make burrows and worm casts.
R: This act of earthworms affects the soil, and therefore the plants growing in it.
S: Rabbit’s fleas carry the virus which causes myxomatosis, so they can affect the size of the rabbit population.

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S1: The ecosystem of water is complex and many environmental factors are intricately linked.
S6: The trees slowly transfer rainwater into the sub-soil and this is critical for sustaining water for months after the rains.
P: Thick forests make for excellent catchments.
Q: The problems we see are because we have undermined, these links over decades.
R: First, rain and snowfall are the only sources of water-about 99%.
S: In the four months of monsoon, there are about 30-35 downpours and the challenge is to hold this water in systems that can last us over 365 days.

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S1: Politics is exciting because people disagree.
S6: It is not solitary people who make politics and a good society; it is the people together which make good politics and society.
P: For Aristotle politics is an attempt to create a good society because politics is, above all, a social activity.
Q: They also disagree about how such matters should be resolved, how collective decision should be made and who should have a say.
R: They disagree about how they should live.
S: Who should get what? How should power and other resource be distributed? Should society be based on cooperation or conflict? And so on.

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S1: Regular exercise makes many of the organ systems become more efficient.
S6: Different activities require different levels of fitness.
P: It can improve your strength; make your body more flexible and less likely to suffer from sprain.
Q: It can also improve your endurance.
R: It also uses up energy and helps to prevent large amounts of fat building up in the body.
S: Exercise can increase your fitness in three ways.

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S1: On increasing the temperature of solids, the kinetic energy of the particles increases.
S6: The temperature at which a solid melts to become a liquid at the atmospheric pressure is called its melting point.
P: A stage is reached when the solid melts and is converted to a liquid.
Q: Due to the increase in kinetic energy, the particles start vibrating with greater speed.
R: The particles leave their fixed positions and start moving more freely.
S: The energy supplied by heat overcomes the forces of attraction between the particles.
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S1: Things are often not what they seem.
S6: This happened without you even knowing it. So imagine the changes that occur to this earth and humanity.
P: But you are really not, because the Milky Way galaxy, of which you are a part, is moving through space at 2.1 million kilometre an hour.
Q: So in roughly twenty second that it would have taken you to read this paragraph, you have already moved thousands of kilometre.
R: And that is without taking into account the effects of Earth’s rotation on its own axis, its orbiting around the Sun and Sun’s journey around the Milky Way. S: As you read this sentence, perhaps sitting in a comfortable chair in your study, you would probably consider yourself at rest.

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