SOLVED PAPER 2023 (CDS) (I) (English)

S1: Like many of its tropical counterparts, India was a colony of Britain, which ruled out any move to adjust the exchange rate.
S6: Banks were left with unrecoverable assets.
P: Indebted business failed
Q: With devaluation made politically impossible, fall in export demand led to sustained and deep deflation
R: Indebted households liquidated a variety of assets to repay loans when they could
S: Real interest rates rose

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S1: Consider the potential effect of just a small increase in the earth's atmospheric temperature.
S6: If the sea level rose only a few feet, dozens of coastal cities would be destroyed and life would change utterly.
P: Some deserts might anyway bloom
Q: But lands now fertile might turn to deserts, and many hot climates could become uninhabitable
R: A rise of only a few degrees could melt the polar ice caps and submerge the planet in a short time
S: Rainfall patterns would change

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S1: In the ancient times, the kings and the royal families had their own banner and seal.
S6: So the high officials commanded great respect because of the descent, ability and character.
Q: The royal palace was maintained in a great state
R: The king was in theory an autocrat
S: There were opportunities to influence the king in the formulation of policies

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S1: The rise of East Asia in the late twentieth century may ultimately prove to be a more important world-historical event than the collapse of communism.
S6: Translated into political terms, this means that industrial capitalism is always accompanied by liberal democracy.
P: In the final two decades of the twentieth century, economic growth rates on the Western rim of the Pacific Basin were between two and four times higher than those in the 'developed' economies of Europe and North America
Q: The widespread assumption has been that modernisation means Westernisation
R: Certainly, the balance of the world's economy shifted markedly from the west to the East in this period
S: However, the notion that there is distinctively East Asian political form is less familiar one

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S1: Manipur has a long and glorious history from before the beginning of the Christian Era.
S6: Manipur regained its independence in 1947 and merged into India Union in 1949.
P: Then, Manipur came under the British rule in 1891
Q: The independence and sovereignty remained uninterrupted occupation for around seven years in the first quarter of the 19th century (1819-1826)
R: The political history of Manipur could be traced back to 33 AD with the coronation of Nondge Lairen Pakhangba
S: After Pakhangba, a number of kings ruled over the kingdom of Manipur

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SI: In agriculture water is mainly used for irrigation.
S6: Hence, it is difficult to practice agriculture without assured irrigation during dry seasons.
P: The large tracts of the country are deficient in rainfall and are drought prone
Q: Winter and summer seasons are more or less dry in most part of the country
R: Irrigation is needed because of spatio-temporal variability in rainfall in the country
S: North-Western India and Deccan Plateau constitute such areas

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S1: Vijayanagara or 'city of victory' was the name of both a city and an empire.
S6: They remembered it as Hampi, a name derived from that of the local Mother Goddess, Pampadevi.
P: In its heyday, it stretched from the river Krishna in the North to the extreme South of the peninsula
Q: The empire was founded in the 14th century
R: In 1565, the city was destroyed and subsequently deserted
S: Although it fell into ruin in the seventeenth-eighteenth centuries, it lived on in the memories of people living in the Krishna-Tungabhadra Doab

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S1: During the past two decades many organisations in both the manufacturing and service sectors have faced dramatic change in their business environment.
S6: These changes have had a significant influence on management accounting system.
P: To succeed in today's highly competitive environment companies have made customer satisfaction an overriding priority
Q: They have also adopted new management approaches and manufacturing companies have changed their manufacturing systems and invested in new technologies
R: Deregulation and extensive competition from overseas companies in domestic markets have resulted in a situation in which most companies now operate in a highly competitive global market
S: At the same time there has been a significant reduction in product life cycles arising from technological innovations and the need to meet increasingly discriminating customer demands

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S1: Gregor Johann Mendel was born on 22nd July, 1822, in Austria.
S6: Based on his experiments on a total of seven characteristics in garden pea, he established Law of Segregation and Law of Independent Assortment.
P: His pioneering work laid the foundation of Science of Genetics and therefore, he is known as the 'Father of Genetics'
Q: There he was exposed to the lab facilities and got interested in research and teaching
R: In 1843, Mendel began studying even while being a monk at St. Thomas Monastery in Brno.
S: His experiments focussed on cross-breeding of pea plants and gathering data on the variations of several generations

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S1: Mahatma Gandhi found in salt a powerful symbol that could unite the nation.
S6: The tax on salt and the government monopoly over its production, Mahatma Gandhi declared, revealed the most oppressive face of the British rule.
P: On 21st January, 1930, he sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin stating eleven demands
Q: The idea was to make the demands wide-ranging, so that all classes within Indian Society could identify with them and everyone could be brought together in a united campaign
R: Salt was something consumed by the rich and the poor alike and it was one of the most essential items of food
S: The most stirring of all was the demand to abolish the salt tax

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