States and Indian Union Territories

• By separation of territory from any state or by uniting two or more parts or parts of states or by uniting any territory to a part of any State.
• By increasing the area of any State.
• By diminishing the area of any State.
• By altering the boundaries of any State
• By altering the name of any State.
  Here the word State includes a Union Territory also.
  For the formation of a new state or alteration of the boundaries or names of the existing states, under this article, the following two
  conditions have been laid down:
  1. No bill contemplating the above changes shall be introduced in either House of the Parliament except on the recommendation of the President.
  2. If the bill affects the area, boundaries or names of the states, the President is required to refer the bill to the concerned State Legislature for expressing its view within a specified period.
  In the aforesaid conditions, the word State does not include Union Territory.

Uttarakhand Foundation Day - A Historical Background

• The demand for a separate state of Uttarakhand can be traced back to the early 20th century when people from the region started advocating for political autonomy due to the neglect and underdevelopment of their areas.
• Various social and political movements over the years sought to raise awareness about the issues faced by the people in the hilly areas and promote the idea of a separate state.
  Agitation and Political Movements:
• The statehood movement gained momentum in the 1990s. It was characterized by protests, rallies, and public demonstrations.
• The Uttarakhand Kranti Dal (UKD) and other regional political parties played a significant role in mobilizing public support for the cause.
  Key Milestones in the Formation of Uttarakhand:
• On August 2, 2000, the Parliament of India passed the Uttar Pradesh Reorganization Act, 2000, which paved the way for the creation of a new state called Uttarakhand.
• The Act officially came into effect on November 9, 2000, marking the formation of the state of Uttarakhand.
• The state was created by carving out the hilly and mountainous regions of northern Uttar Pradesh, which had a distinct cultural, geographical, and demographic identity.

Uttarakhand Foundation Day - A Historical Background

• The demand for a separate state of Uttarakhand can be traced back to the early 20th century when people from the region started advocating for political autonomy due to the neglect and underdevelopment of their areas.
• Various social and political movements over the years sought to raise awareness about the issues faced by the people in the hilly areas and promote the idea of a separate state.
  Agitation and Political Movements:
• The statehood movement gained momentum in the 1990s. It was characterized by protests, rallies, and public demonstrations.
• The Uttarakhand Kranti Dal (UKD) and other regional political parties played a significant role in mobilizing public support for the cause.
  Key Milestones in the Formation of Uttarakhand:
• On August 2, 2000, the Parliament of India passed the Uttar Pradesh Reorganization Act, 2000, which paved the way for the creation of a new state called Uttarakhand.
• The Act officially came into effect on November 9, 2000, marking the formation of the state of Uttarakhand.
• The state was created by carving out the hilly and mountainous regions of northern Uttar Pradesh, which had a distinct cultural, geographical, and demographic identity.

The history of Jharkhand dates back to ancient times. The region has been home to various tribal communities for centuries and saw the rise of small kingdoms and chieftaincies. It came under the influence of larger empires such as the Magadha and Maurya empires, and later, the Mughal and British empires.
During the colonial period, the area was part of the Bengal Presidency. Tribal uprisings such as the Santhal Rebellion (1855-56) and the Birsa Munda uprising (1899-1900) reflect the region's resistance to British rule and exploitation.
After independence, the region remained part of Bihar. Persistent demands for a separate tribal state led to the formation of Jharkhand on November 15, 2000, with Ranchi as its capital.

Thus, the correct option is (c).