Sustainable Economic Development

Every year, the UN Secretary General presents an annual SDG Progress Report, which is developed in cooperation with the UN System, and based on the global indicator framework and data produced by national statistical systems and information collected at the regional level. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

Global Sustainable Development Report is produced once every four years to inform the quadrennial SDG review deliberation at the UN General Assembly. It is written by an independent group of scientists appointed by the UN Secretary General. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.

In April of 1968, 30 people of 10 countries including scientists, educators, economists, humanists, industrialists and government officials met at the Accademia dei Lincei in Rome. 'The Club of Rome' was born from this meeting as an informal organization. The concept of 'Limits to Growth' was propounded by the Club of Rome. "The Limits to Growth report was published in 1972 and its computer simulations suggested that economic growth could not continue indefinitely because of resource depletion.

According to Donella H. Meadows, one of the authors of the book 'Limits to growth', published in the year 1972, if the present trends in world population, industrialization, pollution, food production and resource depletion continue unchanged, there will be a limit to growth in the next 100 years, which will increase the risk of hunger, economic and social risks. In 2004, this limit was reduced to 30 years by Meadows.

The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) shows the relationship between per capita GDP and environmental degradation. This curve suggests that economic development initially leads to a deterioration in the environment, but after a certain level of economic growth, a society begins to improve its relationship with the environment and levels of environmental degradation reduces. It is inverted 'U' shaped curve, which from a very simplistic viewpoint suggests, in sum, that "the solution is economic growth".

In 1980, the International Union for Conservation of Nature published a world conservation strategy that included one of the first references to sustainable development as a global priority and introduced the term 'Sustainable Development'.

Sustainable development has been defined in many ways. The most frequently quoted definition is from 'Our Common Future', also known as the Brundtland Report: "Sustainable development is a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs". Broadly defined, sustainable development is a systems approach to growth and development and to manage natural, produced, and social capital for the welfare of their own and future generations. The above definitions clearly indicate that sustainable development is important for well being of human society. Hence, both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A),

'Saving energy and other resources for the future without sacrificing people's comfort in the present' is the definition of sustainable development. In other words, sustainable development can be defined as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The modern concept of sustainable development is derived mostly from the 1987 Brundtland Report 'Our Common Future'. Sustain- able development is the organizing principle for meeting human development goals while simultaneously sustaining the ability of natural systems to provide the natural resources and ecosystem services on which the economy and society depends.

'Saving energy and other resources for the future without sacrificing people's comfort in the present' is the definition of sustainable development. In other words, sustainable development can be defined as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The modern concept of sustainable development is derived mostly from the 1987 Brundtland Report 'Our Common Future'. Sustain- able development is the organizing principle for meeting human development goals while simultaneously sustaining the ability of natural systems to provide the natural resources and ecosystem services on which the economy and society depends.