The Centre-State Relation

Article 248 grants residuary powers of legislation to the Parliament. This means that if a subject is not specifically listed in the Union List, State List, or Concurrent List, the Parliament has the exclusive authority to make laws regarding that subject. This ensures that the Parliament can legislate on any matter not explicitly mentioned in the existing lists, maintaining legislative flexibility and national uniformity.
By assigning residuary powers, the Constitution avoids potential legal loopholes and ensures that no subject is left without a legislative body to address it. Matters like cybersecurity laws or regulations for emerging technologies, which might not have been explicitly envisioned when the lists were created, would fall under the Parliament's residuary powers.

Article 248 grants residuary powers of legislation to the Parliament. This means that if a subject is not specifically listed in the Union List, State List, or Concurrent List, the Parliament has the exclusive authority to make laws regarding that subject. This ensures that the Parliament can legislate on any matter not explicitly mentioned in the existing lists, maintaining legislative flexibility and national uniformity.
By assigning residuary powers, the Constitution avoids potential legal loopholes and ensures that no subject is left without a legislative body to address it. Matters like cybersecurity laws or regulations for emerging technologies, which might not have been explicitly envisioned when the lists were created, would fall under the Parliament's residuary powers.

Article 249. Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to a matter in the State List in the national interest
(1)Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this Chapter, if the Council of States has declared by resolution supported by not less than two-thirds of the members present and voting that it is necessary or expedient in national interest that Parliament should make laws with respect to goods and services tax provided under article 246A or any matter enumerated in the Stale List specified in the resolution, it shall be lawful for Parliament to make laws for the whole or any part of the territory of India with respect to that matter while the resolution remains. in force.
(2)A resolution passed under clause (1) shall remain in force for such period not exceeding one year as may be specified therein:Provided that, if and so often as a resolution approving the continuance in force of any such resolution is passed in the manner provided in clause (1), such resolution shall continue in force for a further period of one year from the date on which under this clause it would otherwise have ceased to be in force.
(3)A law made by Parliament which Parliament would not but for the passing of are solution under clause (1) have been competent to make shall, to the extent of the in competency, cease to have effect on the expiration of a period of six months after the resolution has ceased to be in force, except as respects things done or omitted to be done before the expiration of the said period.

Article 249. Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to a matter in the State List in the national interest
(1)Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this Chapter, if the Council of States has declared by resolution supported by not less than two-thirds of the members present and voting that it is necessary or expedient in national interest that Parliament should make laws with respect to goods and services tax provided under article 246A or any matter enumerated in the Stale List specified in the resolution, it shall be lawful for Parliament to make laws for the whole or any part of the territory of India with respect to that matter while the resolution remains. in force.
(2)A resolution passed under clause (1) shall remain in force for such period not exceeding one year as may be specified therein:Provided that, if and so often as a resolution approving the continuance in force of any such resolution is passed in the manner provided in clause (1), such resolution shall continue in force for a further period of one year from the date on which under this clause it would otherwise have ceased to be in force.
(3)A law made by Parliament which Parliament would not but for the passing of are solution under clause (1) have been competent to make shall, to the extent of the in competency, cease to have effect on the expiration of a period of six months after the resolution has ceased to be in force, except as respects things done or omitted to be done before the expiration of the said period.

Article 249. Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to a matter in the State List in the national interest
(1)Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this Chapter, if the Council of States has declared by resolution supported by not less than two-thirds of the members present and voting that it is necessary or expedient in national interest that Parliament should make laws with respect to goods and services tax provided under article 246A or any matter enumerated in the Stale List specified in the resolution, it shall be lawful for Parliament to make laws for the whole or any part of the territory of India with respect to that matter while the resolution remains. in force.
(2)A resolution passed under clause (1) shall remain in force for such period not exceeding one year as may be specified therein:Provided that, if and so often as a resolution approving the continuance in force of any such resolution is passed in the manner provided in clause (1), such resolution shall continue in force for a further period of one year from the date on which under this clause it would otherwise have ceased to be in force.
(3)A law made by Parliament which Parliament would not but for the passing of are solution under clause (1) have been competent to make shall, to the extent of the in competency, cease to have effect on the expiration of a period of six months after the resolution has ceased to be in force, except as respects things done or omitted to be done before the expiration of the said period.

The Inter-State Council, established under Article 263 of the Indian Constitution, facilitates coordination among states and between the Centre and states on issues of common interest. Although not a permanent constitutional body, it can be constituted by the President whenever it serves the public interest. Inter State Council was first set up in 1990 through a Presidential ordinance following the Sarkaria Commission's recommendations.
While it is intended to meet regularly, the Inter State Council has convened only 11 times over 26 years, with the latest meeting held in 2016 after a decade-long gap. Despite these infrequent sessions, the council remains essential for fostering dialogue, aligning policies, and strengthening Centre-state relations in India.

The Inter-State Council, established under Article 263 of the Indian Constitution, facilitates coordination among states and between the Centre and states on issues of common interest. Although not a permanent constitutional body, it can be constituted by the President whenever it serves the public interest. Inter State Council was first set up in 1990 through a Presidential ordinance following the Sarkaria Commission's recommendations.
While it is intended to meet regularly, the Inter State Council has convened only 11 times over 26 years, with the latest meeting held in 2016 after a decade-long gap. Despite these infrequent sessions, the council remains essential for fostering dialogue, aligning policies, and strengthening Centre-state relations in India.

The Inter-State Council, established under Article 263 of the Indian Constitution, facilitates coordination among states and between the Centre and states on issues of common interest. Although not a permanent constitutional body, it can be constituted by the President whenever it serves the public interest. Inter State Council was first set up in 1990 through a Presidential ordinance following the Sarkaria Commission's recommendations.
While it is intended to meet regularly, the Inter State Council has convened only 11 times over 26 years, with the latest meeting held in 2016 after a decade-long gap. Despite these infrequent sessions, the council remains essential for fostering dialogue, aligning policies, and strengthening Centre-state relations in India.

• Prime Minister - Chairman
• Chief Ministers of all states - Members
• Chief Ministers of Union Territories having a Legislative Assembly and Administrators of UTs not having a Legislative Assembly - Members
• Six ministers of Cabinet rank in the Union council of Ministers to be nominated by the Prime Ministers - Members.