The Parliamentary Act (Indian Polity and Governance) Part-I

Total Questions: 40

1. In which year was Prevention of Food Adulteration Act first enacted? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2006]

Correct Answer: (b) 1954
Solution:The Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954 came into effect on 1st June, 1955.

The Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954 extends to the entire country of India and it came into effect on June 15th, 1955. The act defines adulteration or deems an item to be adulterated when -

  • If the item sold by the vendor does not meet the standards of the customer or the standards the article purports to be.
  • If the item contains any element that lowers the quality of the article.
  • If the article has been manufactured or stored in unhygienic conditions.
  • If the item contains any element that is unfit for human consumption such as putrid, decomposed or rotten plant or animal substances.
  • If the article contains an element taken from a diseased animal.
  • If the article contains any poisonous or injurious substances.
  • If the container of the article is made up from any injurious substance.
  • If any colouring agent other than the prescribed ones are added in the article.
  • If the article consists of any prohibited preservative or preservative quantity above the prescribed limit.
  • If the quality and purity of the article does not meet the standards set by the committee whether it is injurious or non-injurious to health.

2. All offences punishable under the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 are: [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]

Correct Answer: (b) Cognizable and Summarily Triable
Solution:According to Section 15 of the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 all the offences punishable under the act are cognizable and summarily Triable.

With the increase in the discrimination against untouchability, it was much necessary to bring some changes. These provisions have helped remove the differences between the castes even though it is practised in some places. These provisions helped immensely reduce the difference between the upper and lower caste.
It provides rights to the people of lower-level or cast to exercise their rights and live a normal life like everyone else. The practice of untouchability makes them feel isolated and violated. The people of higher levels or caste treat them inhumanly, which negatively impacts society. With the introduction of this Act, this discrimination in India in terms of the cast has ended.

3. Offences are tried under the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 by the Courts of- [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]

Correct Answer: (b) Judicial Magistrate First Class
Solution:The first class Judicial Magistrates were empowered to hold special courts for the trial of offences under the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955. In Uttar Pradesh, in each district, the Courts of Chief Judicial Magistrates Judicial Magistrates have been designated as a Special Court for the trial of offences under the Act.

With the increase in the discrimination against untouchability, it was much necessary to bring some changes. These provisions have helped remove the differences between the castes even though it is practised in some places. These provisions helped immensely reduce the difference between the upper and lower caste.
It provides rights to the people of lower-level or cast to exercise their rights and live a normal life like everyone else. The practice of untouchability makes them feel isolated and violated. The people of higher levels or caste treat them inhumanly, which negatively impacts society. With the introduction of this Act, this discrimination in India in terms of the cast has ended.

4. All the punishable offences under the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 are: [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]

Correct Answer: (e) Cognizable and Triable Summarily and Non-Compoundable
Solution:All the punishable offences under the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 are Cognizable, Triable Summarily and Non-Compoundable.

With the increase in the discrimination against untouchability, it was much necessary to bring some changes. These provisions have helped remove the differences between the castes even though it is practised in some places. These provisions helped immensely reduce the difference between the upper and lower caste.
It provides rights to the people of lower-level or cast to exercise their rights and live a normal life like everyone else. The practice of untouchability makes them feel isolated and violated. The people of higher levels or caste treat them inhumanly, which negatively impacts society. With the introduction of this Act, this discrimination in India in terms of the cast has ended.

5. Under the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955, All offences are- [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]

Correct Answer: (e) Cognizable and Punishment with imprisonment and fine both
Solution:Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 under section 15(1) provides that notwithstanding any thing contained in Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 all offences punishable. under this Act shall be cognizable, section 10(a)1 of this Act empowers the State Government to impose fine collectively on offenders. Apart from it, this act provides for imprisonment as well as fine to the offender as a mode of punishment. Thus both option (A) and (D) are correct. Though M.P.PS.C. had mentioned option (c) as the correct answer in its provisional answer key, in its revised answer key bonus mark was given to all.

6. If any person refuses admission to any person to any hospital, dispensary or educational institution on the ground of untouchability, then under which section of the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 he shall be punishable? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]

Correct Answer: (b) Section-5
Solution:Section-5-Whoever on the ground of 'untouchability- refuses admission to any person to any hospital, dispensary, educational institution, if such hospital, dispensary, educational institution is established or maintained for the benefits of the general public or any section thereof shall be Punishable with imprisonment for a term of not less than one month and not more than six months and also with fine which shall be not less than one hundred rupees and not more than we hundred rupees.

7. Under which one of the following Sections of the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 has 'power of State Government to impose collective fine' been provided? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre)-2018]

Correct Answer: (b) Section 10A
Solution:Under section 10A of the Protection of Civil Rights Act 1955 the power is vested in the State Government to impose collective fine.

With the increase in the discrimination against untouchability, it was much necessary to bring some changes. These provisions have helped remove the differences between the castes even though it is practised in some places. These provisions helped immensely reduce the difference between the upper and lower caste.
It provides rights to the people of lower-level or cast to exercise their rights and live a normal life like everyone else. The practice of untouchability makes them feel isolated and violated. The people of higher levels or caste treat them inhumanly, which negatively impacts society. With the introduction of this Act, this discrimination in India in terms of the cast has ended.

8. The Protection of Civil Rights Act extends to: [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]

Correct Answer: (a) The whole of India
Solution:According to Section 1(2) of the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955, it extends to the whole of India.

Fundamental Provisions of the Protection of Civil Rights Act
Section 3: If anyone forbids an individual to enter a religious place on the basis of caste discrimination, then he/she would be punished for one month or maximum till six months.

Section 4: if anyone forbids a person to enter a public place such as hotels, restaurants, or stops them from using their commodities on basis of caste discrimination, then the punishment will be imprisonment of one month or six months (not more than that).

Section 5: if a person denies someone from entering the hospital, dispensary, institution, or any hostel which is for public use will be penalised with the imprisonment of one month or more but not more than six months.

Section 6: if someone denies an individual from selling goods and rendering services to any person on the basis of untouchability, then he or she will be penalised with imprisonment for one month or more but not more than six months.

Section 7: if someone forbids an individual from exercising Article 17, causing an injury, or insult, then the punishment will be imprisonment of a month or six months. Moreover, if a person occupies someone's land or other property on the ground of untouchability, then he or she will be fined as well as imprisoned.

Section 7A: On the basis of untouchability if individuals keep another person as their slave, then they will be penalised with the imprisonment of three months or more but not more than six months.

9. The Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 extends to ? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre)-2018]

Correct Answer: (a) Whole of India
Solution:The Protection of Civil Right Act, 1955 prescribe punishment for the (Preaching and Practice of Untouchability) enforcement of any disability arising from there and for matters connected therewith. This Act extends to the whole of India in accordance with section 102) of this Act.

Fundamental Provisions of the Protection of Civil Rights Act
Section 3: If anyone forbids an individual to enter a religious place on the basis of caste discrimination, then he/she would be punished for one month or maximum till six months.

Section 4: if anyone forbids a person to enter a public place such as hotels, restaurants, or stops them from using their commodities on basis of caste discrimination, then the punishment will be imprisonment of one month or six months (not more than that).

Section 5: if a person denies someone from entering the hospital, dispensary, institution, or any hostel which is for public use will be penalised with the imprisonment of one month or more but not more than six months.

Section 6: if someone denies an individual from selling goods and rendering services to any person on the basis of untouchability, then he or she will be penalised with imprisonment for one month or more but not more than six months.

Section 7: if someone forbids an individual from exercising Article 17, causing an injury, or insult, then the punishment will be imprisonment of a month or six months. Moreover, if a person occupies someone's land or other property on the ground of untouchability, then he or she will be fined as well as imprisoned.

Section 7A: On the basis of untouchability if individuals keep another person as their slave, then they will be penalised with the imprisonment of three months or more but not more than six months.

10. Under which of the following Sections of the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 has 'offences by companies been provided? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre)-2018]

Correct Answer: (c) Section 14
Solution:Section 10-Abetment of offence.

(A public servant who willfully neglects the investigation of any offence punishable under this Act shall be deemed to have abetted an offence punishable under this Act)

Section 12-Presumption by courts in certain cases.

(Where any act constituting an offence under this Act is committed in relation to a member of schedule caste, the court shall presume, unless the contrary is proved, that such act was committed on the ground of untouchability.)

Section 14 offences by companies.

(company means any body corporate and includes a firm or other association of individuals and directors in relation to a firm means a partner in the firm).

Section 16-Act to override other laws.

(Save as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the Provisions of this Act shall have effect notwithstanding anything therewith contained in any other law for the time being in force or any customs or usage or any instrument having effect by under of any such law or any decree or order of any Court or other authority.)