The Supreme Court

As per Article 128, Chief Justice of India may at any time, with the previous consent of the president, request any person who has held the office of a Judge of the Supreme Court or of the Federal Court or who has held the office of a Judge of a High Court and is duly qualified for appointment as a Judge of the Supreme Court to sit and act as a Judge of the Supreme Court

Article 215, High Courts to be courts of record every High Court shall be a court of record and shall have all the powers of such a court including the power to punish for contempt of itself.

There are a minimum 5 Judges of the Supreme Court required for hearing any case involving interpretation of the Constitution. It is designated as the Constitutional Bench.

There should be a minimum 5 or more Judges to hear a case involving a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of the Constitution. The panel generally contains judges in odd numbers for example 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 etc. This is done to avoid any clash of votes or views.

Article 131 of the Constitution of India deals with the Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. According to this article the Supreme Court shall, to the exclusion of any other Court, have original jurisdiction in any dispute- oily

(a) between the Government of India and one or more States; or

(b) between the Government of India and any State or States on one side and one or more States on the other; or

(c) between two or more States, if and in so far as the dispute involves any question (whether of law or fact) on which the existence or extent of a legal right depends.

Provided that the said jurisdiction shall not extend to a dispute arising out of any treaty, agreement, covenant, engagement, and or other similar instrument which, having been entered into or executed before the commencement of this Constitution, continues in operation after such commencement, or which provides that the said jurisdiction shall not extend to such a dispute.

Article 131 of the Constitution of India deals with the Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. According to this article the Supreme Court shall, to the exclusion of any other Court, have original jurisdiction in any dispute- oily

(a) between the Government of India and one or more States; or

(b) between the Government of India and any State or States on one side and one or more States on the other; or

(c) between two or more States, if and in so far as the dispute involves any question (whether of law or fact) on which the existence or extent of a legal right depends.

Provided that the said jurisdiction shall not extend to a dispute arising out of any treaty, agreement, covenant, engagement, and or other similar instrument which, having been entered into or executed before the commencement of this Constitution, continues in operation after such commencement, or which provides that the said jurisdiction shall not extend to such a dispute.

Article 131 of the Constitution of India deals with the Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. According to this article the Supreme Court shall, to the exclusion of any other Court, have original jurisdiction in any dispute- oily

(a) between the Government of India and one or more States; or

(b) between the Government of India and any State or States on one side and one or more States on the other; or

(c) between two or more States, if and in so far as the dispute involves any question (whether of law or fact) on which the existence or extent of a legal right depends.

Provided that the said jurisdiction shall not extend to a dispute arising out of any treaty, agreement, covenant, engagement, and or other similar instrument which, having been entered into or executed before the commencement of this Constitution, continues in operation after such commencement, or which provides that the said jurisdiction shall not extend to such a dispute.

The Supreme Court (under Article 32) and the High Courts (under Article 226) can issue writs to protect the fundamental rights of the people. Hence it is not an exclusive power of the Supreme Court.

Armed Forces Tribunal Act, 2007 provides that the Court Martial can be appealed in the Supreme Court.

Under Article 129 of the Indian Constitution, the Supreme Court shall be a Court of Record and shall have all the powers of such a Court including the power to punish for contempt of itself. It implies that - (1) The judgment and proceeding are written and enrolled for perpetual memory in further proceedings. (2) the Courts have the power to punish for its contempt, thus 'Court of Record' means all the decisions have the evidentiary value and cannot be questioned in any Court. Hence options (b) and (c) both are correct but according to Uttar Pradesh Commission option (b) is the correct answer.

According to Article 129 and Article 215 of the Constitution of India, the Supreme Court and the High Courts respectively, both are to be 'Courts of Record' and shall have all the powers of such a Court including the power to punish for contempt of itself.