The Universe Part-3

Total Questions: 51

21. Which elements are abundant in the formation of interior layer of the earth? [67th B.P.S.C. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2022]

(a) Silica and aluminium
(b) Silica and magnesium
(c) Basalt and silica
(d) Nickel and ferrum
(e) None of the above / More than one of the above.

Correct Answer: (d) Nickel and ferrum

Solution:The elements nickel and ferrum are abundant in the formation of Nife, the inner layer of the Earth. Nife is abbreviation of Nickel and Ferrum (Iron).

The early core was formed when droplets of iron, nickel, and other heavy metals gravitated to the Earth's center to form the core of the new planet. Relatively buoyant materials, such as silicates, and water, stayed close to the planet's exterior. This process is known as planetary differentiation. The molten material that surrounded the core was the early mantle. Materials that initially stayed in their liquid phase during this process, called "incompatible elements," ultimately became Earth's brittle crust. The crusts are still evolving due to plate tectonics. Water held within minerals erupted as lava, a process known as "outgassing." As more water was expelled, the mantle solidified.

22. In the structure of planet Earth, below the mantle, the core is mainly made up of which one of the following? [I.A.S. (Pre) 2009]

(a) Aluminium
(b) Chromium
(c) Iron
(d) Silicon

Correct Answer: (c) Iron

Solution:There is an outer core and inner core below the mantle in the structure of the earth. The outer core is about 2260 Km thick (radius) and mostly composed of liquid iron and nickel. The Inner core is a hot dense ball of (mostly) Iron. It has a radius of about 1220 km.

23. The World Earth Day is celebrated on- [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015]

(a) 22 April
(b) 22 March
(c) 07 April
(d) 07 March

Correct Answer: (a) 22 April

Solution:Earth Day is celebrated on 22nd April every year to mark the birth Anniversary of Modern environmental movement in 1970. It was the first time celebrated in the year 1970.

The concept of Earth Day can be traced back to the late 1960s, which saw a surge in public debate over environmental issues, with Rachel Carson's influential book Silent Spring (1962) and the Santa Barbara oil spill (1969) raising awareness about environmental destruction. The first World Earth Day was held on April 22, 1970, in the United States. It was organized by a group of environmental activists led by US Senator Gaylord Nelson, who was concerned about the negative impact of industrialization and pollution on the environment. Since then, it has become a global movement that encourages individuals and communities to take action towards protecting our planet.

24. When is the 'International Earth Day' celebrated? [M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]

(a) 20th April
(b) 5th June
(c) 22nd April
(d) 3rd March

Correct Answer: (c) 22nd April

Solution:Earth Day is celebrated on 22nd April every year to mark the birth Anniversary of Modern environmental movement in 1970. It was the first time celebrated in the year 1970.

25. Earth's axis is tilted at an angle of- [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1990]

(a) 23 1/2°
(b) 66 1/2°
(c) 33 1/2°
(d) 42 1/2°

Correct Answer: (a) 23 1/2°

Solution:

Earth is tilted at an angle of 23 2 (Now 23.44°) on its axis. It rotates around on its axis with approximately a speed of 1037 miles per hour. Earth takes approximately 24 hours to complete one rotation on its axis.

26. Consider the following statements: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2018]

1. The Earth's magnetic field has reversed every few hundred thousand years.

2. When the Earth was created more than 4000 million years ago, there was 54% oxygen and no carbon dioxide

3. When living organisms originated, they modified the early atmosphere of the Earth.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer: (c) 1 and 3 only

Solution:According to a data published by European Space Agency, the Earth's magnetic field could flip. Something causes the movement of the molten core to change resulting in the reversal of the North and south magnetic poles. Earth is approximately 4.6 billion years old. The earlier environment had an absence of free oxygen. Around 4 billion years ago water vapour present in the atmosphere condensed to form the hydrosphere. Around 1 billion year ago early aquatic animals like algae came into existence. They being autotrophs, started the process of photosynthesis which lead to the release of free oxygen in the atmosphere. In the upper layers of the atmosphere this free oxygen led to the formation of Ozone.

27. Who among the following was the first to explain that the rotation of the earth on its own axis accounts for the daily rising and setting of the Sun? [64th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2018]

(a) Aryabhatta
(b) Bhaskara
(c) Brahmagupta
(d) Varahamihira
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above

Correct Answer: (a) Aryabhatta

Solution:Aryabhatta was the first to explain that the rotation of the earth on its own axis accounts for the daily rising and setting of the sun. His works are compiled in Aryasiddhanta. Bhaskara-I was a proponent of Bhedabheda School of Vedanta Philosophy. Varahamihira's notable works include Brihat Samhita, Pancha Siddhantika.

28. The possibility of a desert on earth is more [41" B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1996]

(a) Nearby 0º latitude
(b) Nearby 23° latitude
(c) Nearby 50° latitude
(d) Nearby 70° latitude

Correct Answer: (b) Nearby 23° latitude

Solution:Desert climate is also known as arid climate. The perfect climate for the desert is Tropical climate which is spread mostly between 15-30° latitude. There are four main geographical situations for the formation of desert -

(1) The presence of high air pressure near 30º latitude. Sahara and Australia desert fall under this climate.

(2) The western coastal side of continent found between

20°-30°latitude. Arizona desert, Mexican desert, Atacama desert, Namibian desert come under this climate.

(3) Death Valley (North America), Patagonian desert (Argentina) and Peruvian desert are the deserts found in mountains rainshadow region.

(4) The desert situated in the mid part of the Continents, far from the humid air. Gobi desert (China and Mongolia), Australian desert and Great basin desert (USA) come under this group.

29. The duration of its day and tilt of its axis are almon identical to those of the Earth. This is true of: [U.P.P.C.S.(Pre) 2001, I.A.S. (Pre) 1994]

(a) Uranus
(b) Neptune
(b) Neptune
(d) Mars

Correct Answer: (d) Mars

Solution:The duration of the day on Earth is 23 hour, 56 minute 4 second and the tilt of its axis is 23°30'. The Planet Mars has nearly the same value as of Earth for its day duration is 24 hours, 37 minute 25 second and Mars tilt of the axis is 25 12 The duration of day and tilt of the axis of other planet is as follows-

Uranus duration of its day - 17 hours 14 minute the tilt of its axis - 97.77°

Neptune - duration of its day - 16 hour 6 minute the tilt of its axis - 28.3°

Saturn duration of its day - 10 hours 34 minute the tilt of its axis - 26.73°

30. Assertion (A): To orbit around the Sun the planet Mars takes lesser time than the time taken by the Earth. [I.A.S. (Pre) 2006]

Reason (R) : The diameter of the planet Mars is less than that of Earth.

Code:

(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, individually true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are individually true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true

Correct Answer: (d) (A) is false, but (R) is true

Solution:The time taken by any planet to orbit around the sun depends on the distance between the Sun and the planet. The distance between the Sun and Mars is 227943824 km (228 million km), while the Earth is at a distance of 149598262 km (149.6 million km) from Sun and an orbital period of Earth is 365.256 days and that of Mars is 686.98 days. Thus statement (A) is false. The diameter of Mars is 6792 km while Earth's equatorial diameter is about 12756 km. Thus Reason (R) is correct.

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