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The World Climate

📆 October 26, 2024

Total Questions: 42

11. Which of the following pair matchings is correct? [39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994]

Correct Answer: (b) Equatorial Zone-rain with thunder in the noon
Solution:The Mediterranean sea climatic region receives rainfall in winters.  In equatorial regions, convectional rain occurs with thunder in noon almost throughout the year. In Monsoon regions, the major rainfall is received by Monsoon winds. In Desert regions, rainfall is either negligible or indefinite. Hence, the correctly matched pair is option (b).

12. Consider the map given below: [I.A.S. (Pre) 1997]

Of the four shaded areas in the map, that which is characterised by hot dry summer, mild and moist winters and seasonal reversal of winds is the areas labelled.

Correct Answer: (a) 1
Solution:Characteristics mentioned above like hot, dry summer, mild and moist winter and seasonal reversal of winds describe the geographic characteristics of Mediterranean climate. California (USA) mentioned as 1 in the above map is in the Mediterranean region which has all the characteristics mentioned above.

This climate has clear skies and high temperatures, with hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters. Average yearly rainfall ranges from 35 to 90 cm. The warmest month sees temperatures of at least 10°C, while the coldest month has temperatures below 18°C but above -3°C. The presence of nearby water bodies helps keep the climate from being too extreme.

This climate is mainly found in the western parts of continents between 30° and 45° north and south of the equator. The main reason for this climate is the shifting of wind belts. The Mediterranean Sea has the largest area of this "winter rain climate," which is why it is called the Mediterranean Climate. The best example of this climate is in central Chile. Other Mediterranean regions include California (near San Francisco), the southwestern tip of Africa (around Cape Town), southern Australia, and southwest Australia (Swanland).

13. In which among the following countries, rainfall occurs in the winter season? [R.A.S/R.T.S. (Pre) 1993]

Correct Answer: (b) Norway
Solution:Norway comes under the Western European type of climate (Western climate of both the hemispheres in continents between 40°-65 latitudes). In this climatic region, rainfall occurs in sufficient and equal quantity throughout the year. Whereas China comes under China type climate although here also rains occur throughout the year winter season is relatively dry. Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.

14. Which one of the following is correctly matched? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004]

Climate DescriptionCountry
(a)Wet winter, dry summerItaly
(b)Wet throughout the yearSudan
(c)Wet summer, dry winterIran
(d)Dry throughout the yearChile
Correct Answer: (a)
Solution:Most of Italy has a Mediterranean type of climate, which has, rainy winters and hot, dry summer. Sudan has a tropical climate Summer temperature often exceeds 43°C in the desert zones, and rainfall is negligible. Iran has a hot, dry climate characterized by long, hot, dry summers and short winters. Northern Chile, situated in the desert zone, is very hot and dry. Very cold and dry during winters while western middle Chile has a mediterranean type of climate. Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.

15. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below: [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999]

List-I (Region)List-II (Type of Climate)
A. California1. Mediterranean
B. West Australia2. Tropical Monsoon
C. Bangladesh3. Cold Temperate
D. Siberia4. Hot Desert

Code:

ABCD
(a)1234
(b)1423
(c)2341
(d)2413
Correct Answer: (b)
Solution:The correctly matched regions with the related type of climate are as follows:
RegionType of Climate
California (U.S.A.)Mediterranean
West AustraliaHot Desert
BangladeshTropical Monsoon
Siberia (Russia)Cold Temperate

16. Match list-I with list-II and select the correct answer from the codes given below: [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2003, U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2002]

List-I (Type of Climate)List-II (Region)
A. Equatorial1. California
B. Mediterranean2. Bangladesh
C. Monsoon3. Sudan
D. Savannah4. Congo

Code:

ABCD
(a)4123
(b)2314
(c)1234
(d)4321
Correct Answer: (a)
Solution:Congo (Republic of the Congo) is situated in Central Africa. Hence the climate is equatorial as the Equatorial line passes through it.

California is situated on the western part of the United States of America. This is among the Mediterranean climatic regions.

Bangladesh is situated in South Asia and comes under the area of monsoon type of climate.

Savannah Type of climate is found in Sudan,

Savannah type climate is also known as Sudan type climate.

Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.

17. Consider the following statements: [I.A.S. (Pre) 2002]

1. In Equatorial regions, the year is divided into four main seasons.

2. In the Mediterranean region, summer receives more rain.

3. In China type climate, rainfall occurs throughout the year.

4. Tropical highlands exhibit vertical zonation of different climates.

Which of these statements are correct?

Correct Answer: (d) 3 and 4
Solution:In Equatorial regions, there are mainly two seasons - Summer and winter. Hence, statement (1) is incorrect. In Mediterranean region, winter receives more rains. Hence, statement (2) is also incorrect. China type of climate is extended between 25°-40° latitudes on the eastern part of the continent. Here, rainfall occur throughout the year. Hence, statement (3) is correct. Tropical highlands exhibit vertical zonation of different climates. Hence, statement (4) is correct.

18. Consider the following statements: [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004]

Assertion (A): The Mediterranean regions have rainy winters

(R) : During winter they lie in the belt of the Westerlies.

Select the correct answer from the code given below :

Code:

Correct Answer: (a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
Solution:Mediterranean climate is caused by seasonal reversal. During summer, as Sun is in summer solstice position, all pressure belts shift towards the north. This results in expansion of sub tropical high pressure over this region. In the winter, when the sun's position is in winter solstice, westerly winds extend over this region which brings cyclones from mid latitudes causing rain.

19. When do Mediterranean regions receive heavy rainfall? [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999]

Correct Answer: (c) Winter
Solution:Mediterranean climate is caused by seasonal reversal. During summer, as Sun is in summer solstice position, all pressure belts shift towards the north. This results in expansion of sub tropical high pressure over this region. In the winter, when the sun's position is in winter solstice, westerly winds extend over this region which brings cyclones from mid latitudes causing rain.

20. Consider the following statements and answer the question with the help of codes given below: [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2002]

Assertion (A): The ports of north west Europe are open throughout the year.

Reason (R) : The south-westerly winds blow over north-west Europe throughout the year.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Code:

Correct Answer: (b) Both (A) and but (R) are true, and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
Solution:Oceanic streams and prevalent winds have a considerable impact over the temperature of western European climatic regions. The expansion of Europe is in the belt of westerly winds. Most of the time winds blow from south-west. In Europe, none of the mountains is spread from north to south. Because of no hurdle in the path, these winds make the temperature mild. The hot water of the North Atlantic flow does not allow the waters of nearby oceans of Western Europe to freeze. Due to this, the ports are open throughout the year. There is good rainfall in these regions due to Westerly winds. That's why both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
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