Tughluq Dynasty

31. Which Sultan of Delhi had established a separate Agriculture Department and had planned the 'rotation of crops'? [U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2004, 2008]

(a) Iltutmish
(b) Balban
(c) Alauddin Khalji
(d) Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq

Correct Answer: (d) Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq

Solution:Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq had established a new department Diwan-i-Amir-i-Kohi also called Diwan-i-Kohi for the development of agriculture. A land of 60 square miles was selected for that purpose. The agrarian reforms had taken place on land, and various crops were cultivated with alteration according to crop rotation.

32. Diwan-E-Kohi is associated with- [M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1991]

(a) Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq
(b) Firuz Shah Tughluq
(c) Akbar
(d) Alauddin Khalji

Correct Answer: (a) Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq

Solution:Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq had established a new department Diwan-i-Amir-i-Kohi also called Diwan-i-Kohi for the development of agriculture. A land of 60 square miles was selected for that purpose. The agrarian reforms had taken place on land, and various crops were cultivated with alteration according to crop rotation.

33. Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq had transferred his capital from Delhi to - [U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2002]

(a) Daulatabad
(b) Kalinjar
(c) Kanauj
(d) Lahore

Correct Answer: (a) Daulatabad

Solution:Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq had shifted his capital from Delhi to Daulatabad (Devgiri). It was one of the most significant experiments of Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq. Various factors have been identified for this experiment. According to Barani, Devgiri probably was at the center of his empire. According to Ibn Battuta, the people of Delhi used to write undeferential letters to Sultan. To punish them he decided to make Devgiri his capital. Muhammad Tughluq was also the first Sultan of Delhi who tried to establish the administrative and cultural unity of northern and southern India. Probably this was also the main reason behind making Devgiri his capital. According to Dr. K.A. Nizami, Sultan Qutbuddin Mubarak Khalji had changed the name of Devgiri to Qutbabad and Muhammad Tughluq to Daulatabad. Devgiri is also known as Quwwat-ul-Islam.

34. The transfer of capital from Delhi to Daulatabad was ordered by : [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2004]

(a) Sultan Firuz Tughluq
(b) Sultan Ghiyasuddin Tuqhluq
(c) Sultan Mubarak
(d) Sultan Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq

Correct Answer: (d) Sultan Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq

Solution:Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq had shifted his capital from Delhi to Daulatabad (Devgiri). It was one of the most significant experiments of Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq. Various factors have been identified for this experiment. According to Barani, Devgiri probably was at the center of his empire. According to Ibn Battuta, the people of Delhi used to write undeferential letters to Sultan. To punish them he decided to make Devgiri his capital. Muhammad Tughluq was also the first Sultan of Delhi who tried to establish the administrative and cultural unity of northern and southern India. Probably this was also the main reason behind making Devgiri his capital. According to Dr. K.A. Nizami, Sultan Qutbuddin Mubarak Khalji had changed the name of Devgiri to Qutbabad and Muhammad Tughluq to Daulatabad. Devgiri is also known as Quwwat-ul-Islam.

35. For the first time the token currency was introduced in India by : [U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2004, U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2004]

(a) Akbar
(b) Alauddin Khalji
(c) Bahlul Lodi
(d) Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq

Correct Answer: (d) Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq

Solution:Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq launched different types of coins during his period and also decided their reasonable prices. But the circulation of token currency was his specialty. According to Barani, due to lack of silver in treasury and policy of expanding the empire, Muhammad Tughluq had to launch the token currency. The token currency was launched in Iran during the regime of Gaykhatu, though, the experiment was unsuccessful. The token currency was successfully launched during China during the period of Kublai Khan. Innovative Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq was inspired by them. The modern historian also note that there was a shortage of silver in all over the world, and there was a severe shortage of silver in India too. Due to this reason, he launched token currency.

36. Who among the following was the first Sultan to introduce token currency in India ? [U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2017]

(a) Iltutmish
(b) Balban
(c) Muhammad-Bin Tughluq
(d) Bahlul Lodi

Correct Answer: (c) Muhammad-Bin Tughluq

Solution:Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq launched different types of coins during his period and also decided their reasonable prices. But the circulation of token currency was his specialty. According to Barani, due to lack of silver in treasury and policy of expanding the empire, Muhammad Tughluq had to launch the token currency. The token currency was launched in Iran during the regime of Gaykhatu, though, the experiment was unsuccessful. The token currency was successfully launched during China during the period of Kublai Khan. Innovative Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq was inspired by them. The modern historian also note that there was a shortage of silver in all over the world, and there was a severe shortage of silver in India too. Due to this reason, he launched token currency.

37. Assertion (A): Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq issued a new gold coin which was called Dinar by Ibn Battuta. [I.A.S. (Pre) 2006]

Reason (R) : Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq wanted to issue token currency in gold coins to promote trade with West Asian and North African countries.

Code :

(a) Both 'A' and 'R' are individually true and 'R' is the correct explanation of 'A'.
(b) Both 'A' and 'R' are individually true but 'R' is not the correct explanation of 'A'.
(c) 'A' is true but 'R' is false
(d) 'A' is false but 'R' is true.

Correct Answer: (c) 'A' is true but 'R' is false

Solution:Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq issued the new gold coins which was called 'Dinar' by Ibn Battuta. He issue the token currency in copper or Bronze coins to promote his military power not for trade with the West Asian and the North African countries in token currency of gold. Thus, Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.

38. Consider the following statements - [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2006]

Assertion (A) : The scheme of the token currency of Muhammad Tughluq proved unsuccessful.

Reason (R) : Muhammad Tughluq did not have the proper control over currency issue.

Choose the correct answer from the codes given below :

(a) Both (A) and (R) is individually true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) is individually true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Correct Answer: (a) Both (A) and (R) is individually true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Solution:Barani describes the five main schemes of Muhammad Tughluq:- (1) Tax increase in Doab, (2) Devgiri (Daultabad) as Capital, (3) Issuing token currency, (4) Attack on Khurasan and (5) Qarachil expedition. The main reason behind the failure of token currency was that the state had no control over the minting of coins. The value of the token currency was equivalent to the silver value currency. As a result, many fraud mints were formed. The Lagan began to be paid by forged coins.

39. Ibn Battuta, the Moorish traveller, visited India during the reign of : [Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2013, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1994]

(a) Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq
(b) Babar
(c) Akbar
(d) Mahmud Ghazni