UGC NET/JRF EXAM, Dec.-2019 (Paper-II) POLITICAL SCIENCE

Total Questions: 100

1. Theory of form and allegory of caves is related with

Correct Answer: (a) Plato
Solution:

The allegory is related to plato's theory of forms, according to which the "Forms" (or ideas) and not the material world known to us through sensation, possess the highest and most fundamental kind of reality. Knowledge of the forms constitutes real knowledge or what Socrates considers "the Good".

2. Arthashastra is known as

Correct Answer: (d) Nitishastra
Solution:

The Arthashastra is influenced by both Hinduism and the charvaka philosophical school's practicality. It is known as Nitishastra. It rejected the supernatural tenets of religion in favour of a wholly materialistic understanding of the cosmos and human existence.

3. Vandana Shiva is known as

Correct Answer: (c) Eco-feminist

4. Which of the following freedoms was not mentioned by Roosevelt?

Correct Answer: (d) Freedom against exploitation
Solution:

American President Franklin D. Roosevelt outlined the four freedoms:
Freedom of speech
Freedom of worship
Freedom from want
Freedom from fear
Therefore, freedom against exploitation was mentioned by Roosevelt.

5. Who is not a supporter of Libertarianism?

Correct Answer: (c) Robert Dahl
Solution:

Libertarianism is a political theory that promotes liberty as a fundamental principle. Thinkers of libertarianism are Ludwig Von Misses, Friedrich Hayek, James Buchanan and Milton Friedman, Robert Nozick. Therefore, Robert Dahl is not a supporter of Libertarianism.

6. The best propounder of Pluralist Theory of Citizenship was

Correct Answer: (c) B.S. Turner
Solution:

The best propounder of the Pluralist theory of citizenship B.S. Turner. B.S. Turner examines the evolving character of citizenship in a globalizing society. On the other hand, social citizenship was a term first coined by T.H. Marshal.

7. "Distributive Justice is mainly concerned with distribution of honours or wealth". Who said it?

Correct Answer: (b) Aristotle
Solution:

Aristotle said "Distributive justice is mainly concerned with the distribution of honours or wealth". Aristotle believed that this type of justice upholds the proper and proportionate distribution of offices, honours, goods and survives in accordance with each individual citizen's needs.

8. Who had condemned utilitarianism in his Theory of justice?

Correct Answer: (c) Rawls
Solution:

Utilarianism favours activities that increases happiness or pleasure and disapproves of those that increase sadness or harm.
John Rawls wrote the renowned book "A Theory of Justice" in which he discussed the idea of justice. John Rawls criticised utilitarianism because it allows governments to operates in ways that satisfy the needs and rights of the majority while ignoring those of the minority. Therefore, Rawls condemned utilitarianism in his theory of justice.

9. Which among the following is the full title of the book written by Mary Wollstonecraft?

Correct Answer: (b) A Vindication of the Rights of Women with strictures on political and moral subjects

10. Who said, "Every state is known by the rights that it maintains"?

Correct Answer: (a) Laski
Solution:

Harold J. Laski believed that since the modern concept of rights is universal and egalitarian, a state must grant equal rights to all people without discrimination. he also believed that a state is known by the rights it upholds. Therefore, the state is not just a sovereign entity with the ability to enforce its will, at least not in terms of political philosophy.