UGC NET/JRF EXAM, Dec.-2019 (Paper-II) POLITICAL SCIENCE

Total Questions: 100

41. Which of the following two are correct?

Which of the following two are correct?
(a) According to August Comte, the principal methods are observation, experiment and comparison
(b) According to Bluntshli, the true methods are philosophical and historical
(c) Very few thinkers are pragmatic and inductive methods in contemporary times
(d) John Rawls had used deductive and dogmatic methods
Choose the correct options:

Correct Answer: (a) (a) and (b)
Solution:

August Comte was the first philosopher of science. Comte was the first to openly separate natural philosophy from science. The low in this, each of our leading conception each branch of our knowledge passes successively through three different theoretical condition:
1. The theological, or fictitious
2. The Metaphysical or abstract
3. The scientific or positive.

42. Which of the following are the arguments for women's equality?

(a) Inferiority of women to men is socially constructed and has no legal justification
(b) Non-Application of the principles of liberty and equality to the conditions of women is paradoxical
(c) Women are naturally inferior to men
(d) Women's inequality survived because it was justifiable
Choose the correct option from below:

Correct Answer: (c) (a) and (b)
Solution:

Gender equality is the condition in which all people have equal access to resources and opportunities. Discrepancies are between people that are typically interpreted as sex differences are the result of cultural and societal ideas.

43. Which of the following pairs are correctly matched?

(a) John Rawls - Egalitarian
(b) Plato - Idealist
(c) Mary Wollstonecraft-Communist
(d) Gramsci Feminist
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (a) (a) and (b)
Solution:

John Rawls view of justice as fairness envisions a community of free individuals with an egalitarian economic structure, each possessing equal fundamental rights.
Idealism is no exterior reality made up of matter and energy. Plate is best known for his idealism.

44. Which of the following two are correct regarding the adoption of inductive method?

Which of the following two are correct?
(a) Plato
(b) Machiavelli
(c) Thomas Aquinas
(d) Thomas Hobbes
Choose the correct options:

Correct Answer: (c) (b) and (d)
Solution:

Machiavelli and Thomas Hobbes are correct regarding the adoption of indicative method. Inductive approach related to political realism. These methods may begin with specific historical facts or are the outcome of an experiment, a comparison or an observation. Then, some political phenomenon-related conclusions are reached.

45. Which of the following two are correct?

(a) Plato laid more emphasis on duties than rights
(b) His ideal state was merely an idea not reality
(c) He was not a feminist
(d) He did speak about class state
Choose the correct options:

Correct Answer: (a) (a) and (b)
Solution:

In philosophy, Plato invented dialogue and dialectic forms.
In the Republic, Plato constructs the ideal state in three successive:

  • Wealthy state
  • Luxurious state
  • Just state

46. Which of the following writers are from Italy?

(i) Vilfredo Pareto
(ii) Gaetano Mosca
(iii) Robert Michels
(iv) C. Wright Mills
Codes:

Correct Answer: (a) (i) and (ii)
Solution:

Vilfredo Pareto was an Italian, engineer, sociologist, economist, political scientist, and philosopher Gaetano Mosca was also an Italian political scientist, journalist and civil servant known for his theory elite rule.

47. Agganna Sutta deal with:

(a) Origin of life
(b) Origin of social order and castes
(c) Origin of secularism
(d) Origin of six fold policy
Choose the correct answer from the code given below:

Correct Answer: (c) (a) and (b)
Solution:

The Sutta recounts a teaching that the Lod Buddha gave to two Brahmins named Bharadvaja and Vasettha. Aggana Sutta deals with the origin of the life and the origin of social order and castes.

48. Ram Manohar Lohia was opposed to:

(a) Capitalism
(b) Communism
(c) Socialism
(d) Decentralisation of powers
Select the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: (a) (a) and (b)
Solution:

Lohia served as editor of congress socialist. Rammanohar Lohia described his strategy in terms of what he called "seven revolutions". He said that "communism has a strange identity of interest against socialism." For him Capitalism and communism are both the same depending on high capitalization and centralized economics. So he was critical of both capitalism and communism.

49. Which statements are true about in Election Commissioner?

(a) He is appointed by President
(b) He can be removed from office on same grounds as a Judge of Supreme Court
(c) He can be removed by the President only on recommendations of Chief Election Commissioner
(d) His term of office is six years or upto the age of 65 whichever is earlier
Choose the correct options:

Correct Answer: (d) (a), (c), (d)
Solution:

The Election Commission of India was established under Article 324. In part 15. It is a permanent, autonous, quasi-judicial and constitutional authority. The commission is made up of two presidentially appointed election commission and one chief election commissioner. Tenure of the election commission is six years, or until they reach age 65, Whichever comes first. The periods of electoral commission members are not outlined in the constitution.

50. Which of the following statements about the definition of Welfare State are correct?

(a) It is a state that provides for its citizens a wide range of social services
(b) It is a compromise between communism on the one side and unbridled individualism on the other
(c) Welfare state sets a pattern for any humane and progressive society
(d) Welfare state guarantees a minimum standard of subsistence without removing incentives to private sector
Choose the correct options from below:

Correct Answer: (c) (a), (b), (c) and (d)
Solution:

A welfare state is a system of government in which the state protects and promotes the economic and social well being of its citizens. The welfare state guarantees a minimum standards of subsistence without removing incentives to the private sector.