UGC NET/JRF EXAM, Dec.-2019 (Paper-II) POLITICAL SCIENCE

World trade organization is an intergovernmental body that controls and promotes global trade. It was established on 11 January, 1995 which is located in Geneva, Switzerland. The WTO is the biggest international economic organisation in the world, with 164 members representing more than 98% of trade and GDP worldwide. On 31 December 2019, the number of WTO staff on a regular budget is 338 Women and 285 Men.

In 1986, the United Nations declared the right to development in the "Declaration on the Right to Development", which was approved by the UN General Assembly. According to Article 10 of the 1993 Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, the "right to development" as stated in declaration on the right to development. It asserts that a universal and inalienable right and as a crucial component of fundamental human rights.

On January 1st, 1948, India requested that the UN Security Council (UNSC) address the problem. Atal Bihari Vajpayee, the prime Minister of India at the time, boarded the bus for the first time on February 19, 1999. A terrorist attack on the Samjhauta Express, a twice-weekly train services linking Delhi, India and Lahore, Pakistan, took place on February 18, 2007.

Mao Zeadong had the Five Fingers strategy in mind while he was planning its foreign policy. He thought that Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Bhutan, Nepal, and Ladakh were the "five fingers" of China's periphery. Tibet was the country's right hand and that it was China's responsibility to "librate" these regions.

The Rajya Sabha is a continuing chamber in contrast to the Lok Sabha. Members are elected to staggered six years terms : in even numbered years, nearly a third of the 238 designated are up for election. Rajya Sabha only has representation for three of the eight union territories (Delhi, Puducherry and Jammu & Kashmir).

The name "certiorari" is derived from an English prerogative writ that was used by a superior court to order that the lower court's record be brought to review. This writ is issued as a result of an over reaching jurisdiction, a deficiency in jurisdiction, or a legal mistake. Certiorari is both preventive and curative as opposed to prohibition, which simply serves as a preventative measure.

The preamble consist→
• We the people of India
• Sovereignty, Secularism, Democratic, Republic
• Justice : Social, economic and political
• Liberty : liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship
• Equality : equality of status and opportunity for all Indian citizens
• Fraternity : human dignity and national unity and integrity.

The process of Liberalisation is the removal of state regulation of economic activity.
• Liberalization has improved the flow of capital.
• Companies to access funding from investors and embark on successful projects.
• Fast development in technology.
• From grain production to distribution, the government's limitations and interference are evident.

Rigg's Fused Model is based on
• These societies lack industry and modernisation and are heavily dependent on agriculture.
• The law of exchange and the parties system form the basis of economic system.
• The administrative structures are built on the family structure and work to safeguard the unique interests of the family and a few sects.

New Public Management (NPM) is an approach to running public service organization. This approach focuses on the "centrality of the services or clients to the public sector". Major theme are ⇒
• Financial control
• Value for money
• Boosting efficiency
• Private sector business offer services that were previously provided by the government.