UGC NET/JRF EXAM, Dec. 2020/June-2021 POLITICAL SCIENCE (Paper-II) (SHIFT-I)

Total Questions: 100

91. (Questions 91-95) Read the following passage and answer the questions given below:

Like in many other arcas, even with regard to the question of women, Marx made Hegel the starting point. Hegel regarded women as inferior, with less reasoning abilities, secing the natural differences between men and women as immutable. Marx did not say much on the role and position of women. He took it for granted that Socialism would bring about their emancipation. In the German Ideology and the Capital, he spoke of the natural and spontaneous division of labour within the family.

The natural relationship paved the way for social one, and the first property relationship was the one when the man regarded his wife and children as his slaves. The man had power over them, and could do with their labour as he chose, though Marx did not explain how this came about. Marx did not focus his attention on the position and role of women.

Engels, in the Origins, provided a materialist account of the origins of patriarchy, and linked women's subordination with the rise of private property. In the Holy Family, Marx and Engels observed that the degree of emancipation of women could be used as a standard by which one could measure general emancipation. Marx reiterated this view in a letter to Dr. L. Kugelmann in 1868 that social progress could be assessed exactly by the social position of women.

In 1845, Marx warned 2) against treating the family regardless of its specific historic setting. In his criticism of Max Stirner (1805-1856), he observed that it was a misconception to speak of the family without qualification. Historically, the bourgeoisie endowed the family with the characteristics of the bourgeois family, whose ties were boredom and money.

 According to Karl Marx, women emancipation can be judged from which of the following?

Correct Answer: (d) General Emancipation
Solution:Marx and Engels observed that the degree of emancipation of women could be used as a standard by which one could measure general emancipation.

92. Prior to Marx, which political thinker had a gender bias in his/her writings?

Correct Answer: (a) Hegel
Solution:

Hegel regarded women as inferior, with less reasoning abilities, seeing the natural differences between man and woman as immutable.

93. Write the full name of Engels' book "Origins"?

Correct Answer: (d) The Origins of Family and State Property
Solution:

Engels, in the origins, provided a materialist account of the origins of patriarchy, and linked women's subordination with the rise of private property. the full name of the work of Engels is "the origins of the family, private property and the state."

94. Social position of women vis-a-vis family can be judged by which nature of the family?

Correct Answer: (b) Historical setting
Solution:

In 1845, Marx warned against treating the family regardless of its specific historic setting. Thus we can say option (b) is correct.

95. What has been the general understanding about women's emancipation under Marxian philosophy?

Correct Answer: (b) Marx did not analyse women's condition beyond socialism
Solution:

Marx did not say much on the role and position of women. He took it for granted that socialism would bring about their emancipation thus, we can conclude that option (b) is correct.

96. (Questions 96-100) Read the following passage and answer the questions given below:

Over the course of the 1990s, the question of the Indian state's relationship to the diaspora-formerly treated as more or less settled-once again came to the forefront of policy debates. Developments within diaspora communities, particularly in the United States served to facilitate this process.

Chief among them was the creation of the 'Global Organization of People of Indian Origin' (GOPIO) in 1989, and the establishment of the 'India Caucus' within the US Congress in 1993. While the former served to provide a semblance of coherence to the interests of a variegated community, the latter suggested the potential for at least a section amongst the Indian diaspora to be conscious political actors in their adopted homeland.

GOPIO members, for instance, kept alive the question of institutional recognition of the special place of the diaspora by proposing the idea of a 'Person of Indian Origin' card in their meetings with Indian government representatives in the mid-1990s. Within the United States, politically active lobbyists of Indian origin became de facto spokespersons for the then Indian government, particularly in the aftermath of the nuclear tests of 1998.

The support of these groups in mitigating the posttests economic sanctions imposed by the United States, along with their enthusiastic response to the 'Resurgent India bonds issued by the Indian government in the immediate aftermath of the nuclear tests as a measure to withstand the sanctions, was cited as an important indication of the continued commitment of the diaspora to the homeland. It was a commitment that according to the Indian government needed to be officially recognized in the new millennium.

Why debate on Indian diaspora got prominence for India's foreign policy makers? 

Correct Answer: (d) Compulsions of the Globalization process in India
Solution:

The creation of the 'Global Organization of People of Indian origin (GOPIO) in 1989, and the establishment of 'India Caucus' within the US congress in 1993.

97. What has been the task of 'Global Organization of People of Indian Origin' (GOPIO)?

Correct Answer: (b) Representing articulated interests of various people of India origin
Solution:

In Served to provide a semblance of coherence to the interest of a variegated community. GOPIO members, for instance, kept alive the question of institutional recognition of the special place of the Diaspora by the idea of a 'Person of Indian Origin' and in their meetings with Indian government representatives in the mid - 1990s.

98. What is the main task of 'India Caucus'?

Correct Answer: (a) To influence US policy making toward India
Solution:

The latter suggested the potential for at least a section amongst the Indian Diaspora to be conscious political actors in their adopted homeland. Thus, one on say from the above points that option (a) is correct.

99. Which organization gave the idea of issuing 'PIO Card' by Government of India?

Correct Answer: (a) GOPIO
Solution:

GOPIO kept alive the question of institutional recognition of the special place of the Diaspora by the idea of a 'Person of Indian Origin' card in their meetings with India government representatives in the mid-1990s.

100. Why PIOs got significant attention during the end of 1990s?

Correct Answer: (c) Pokhran-II and American sanctions
Solution:

Within the United States, politically active lobbyists of Indian origin became to facto spokespersons for the Indian government, particularly in the aftermath of the nuclear test of 1998.