UGC NET/JRF EXAM, Dec. 2020/June-2021 POLITICAL SCIENCE (Paper-II) (SHIFT-II)

Total Questions: 100

91. (Questions 91-95) Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow:

In summary, an increasing readiness by the UN to intervene within states in order to promote internal justice for individuals would indicate a movement towards global governance and away from unconditional sovereignty. There have been some signs of movement in this direction, but principles of state sovereignty and non - intervention remain important.

There is no clear consensus on those points. There is still some support for the view that Article 2(7) of the UN Charter should be interpreted strictly; that there can be no intervention within a state without the express consent of the government of that state. This position is probably most frequently seen in the arguments favoured by the government of the People's Republic of China.

Others believe that intervention within a country to promote human rights is only justifiable on the basis of a threat to international peace and security. Evidence of a threat to international peace and security could be the appearance of significant numbers of refugees or the judgement that other states might intervene militarily.

Some Liberals argue that this condition is flexible enough to justify intervention to defend human rights whenever it seems prudent. There is also some support for a stronger position. In September 1999, UN Secretary - General Kofi Annan declared that individual sovereignty may be as important as national sovereignty.

On what basis is the UN ready to intervene in the matters of a state?

Correct Answer: (c) To promote internal justice
Solution:

The UN ready to intervene in the matters of a state to promote internal justice, it indicate a movement in this direction, but principles of state sovereignty and non-intervention remain important.

92. In the matter of state intervention, the UN should adhere to provisions related to which aspect?

Correct Answer: (c) Political independence
Solution:

According to the summary, the UN should adhere to provisions related to the Political independence aspect. As the summary pointed out the principles of state sovereignty and non-intervention remain important which are related to political independence.

93. Under what condition can the UN intervene in state affairs?

Correct Answer: (c) On the basis of the express consent of the state's government
Solution:

According to passage, "There is still some support for the view that article 2(7) of the UN charter should be interpreted strictly; that there can be no intervention within a state without the express consent of the government of the state.

94. What is the general feeling among some sections regarding the basis of UN intervention?

Correct Answer: (a) Human Rights violations
Solution:

According to the summary, Human Rights violations is the general feelings among some sections regarding the basis of UN intervention.

95. UN's new responsibility is to establish which kind of international system?

Correct Answer: (b) Provide global governance
Solution:

According to the summary "an increasing readiness by the UN to intervene within states in order to promote internal justice for individual would indicate a movement towards global governance.

96. (Questions 96-100) Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow:

Since the 1960s, dependency theory generalized from the Latin American experience, applying it to the rest of the world. Wallerstein (1974, 1980, 1989) advocated his theory of a world economic system which consisted of concentric rings-the 'core' countries of the West, a 'semiperiphery' and the 'periphery'-a differentiation made possible by history.

The core states industrialized first and acquired a decisive advantage over the rest of the world. Peripheral states are those that cater to the needs of the core and are wilfully prevented from developing higher industrial skills. The semi-periphery is the middle category of states that can move in either direction, and may include one-time core states that have lost their states.

The whole system reflects an international division of labour. A basic nature of this system is the transference of surplus from the periphery to the core. P. P. Rey (1971, 1973), a French sociologist, added to the idea of dualism by advancing a more refined notion of the 'articulation of modes of production'.

Hе argued that underdevelopment in certain areas of the world was largely due to the nature of indigenous society. In the West, feudalism led to capitalism because of the attitude of the feudal upper class. In the rest of the world, which had not experienced European feudalism, the integration of a society into the world economy through trade and investment results in a strengthening of the existing governing classes, reinforcing their resistance to the extension of capitalism.

Caporaso and Behrour (1981) stated: 'dependency refers to a structural condition in which a healthy integrated system cannot complete its economic cycle except by an exclusive (or limited) reliance on an external complement'.

According to Wallerstein in the world economic system reflects:

Correct Answer: (c) International division of labour
Solution:

According to passage the whole system reflects an international division of labour.

97. Who gave the concept of 'semi-periphery' in dependency theory ?

Correct Answer: (c) Immanuel Wallerstein
Solution:

According to Wallerstein, the world economic system consisted of concentric rings the 'Core' countries of the west, a 'semi-periphery' and the 'periphery' - a differentiation made possible by history.

98. 'Articulation of mode of production' explain

Correct Answer: (d) Under-development in certain areas of the world
Solution:

'Articulation of mode of production' explains Under-development in certain areas of the world.

99. The integration of non-European countries in the world economy results in

Correct Answer: (a) Strengthening their resistance to expansion of capitalism
Solution:

The integration of non-European countries in the world economy results in strengthening their resistance to the expansion of capitalism.

100. Dependency as an integrated system relies on :

Correct Answer: (b) External contributory factors
Solution:

According to Caporaso and Behrour, Dependency as an integrated system relies on external contributory factors.