UGC NET/JRF EXAM, Dec. 2021/June-2022 POLITICAL SCIENCE (Paper-II) (SHIFT-I)

J.J. Rousseau, in his book "Discourse on the origin of inequality", mentioned two type of inequality (1) Natural inequality (2) Conventional inequality or moral inequality

Para diplomacy is part of Indian Foreign policy under Narendra Modi. Paradiplomacy is the involvement of non central governments in international Relations. The phenomenon includes a variety of practices from town twining to transnational networking, decentralized Co-operation and advocacy in international summits.

Max Webber has written following books.
(1) The protestant Ethics and the spirit of capitalism.
(2) Economy and society.
(3) The theory of social and Economic organization.
(4) The sociology of Religion.
(5) Politics as a vocation.
(6) The Elements of Administration.

Comparative polities is the study of political systems, not as isolated cases but through generalization and comparisons. A student of comparative politics has to deal with entire political system included behavior of Voters, political culture, and mach more of this.

Ramsay Muir was a British historian, Liberal party politician and thinker. He defined socialism as a chameleon, which changes it colour according to the environment.

Rational choice institutionalist argue that political institutions are systems of rules and inducements within which individual attempts to maximize their utility. It explains interest based motivations of political actors. Its follow deductive approach.

Jay Prakash Narayan (11 October 1902 - 8 October 1979) popularly referred as Lok Nayak was an freedom fighter, Socialist and political leader. He advocated for Gandhian-style revolutionary action, in which he attempted to change people's mind and heart.

Jayprakash's socialism in the economic sphere includes Landlordism and capitalism should be eliminated and the means of production are socialised by eliminating private property right. Gram panchayat run Co- operative farming, collective farming and small scale industres organised in to producer's Co-operatives.

JP, a founder of Sarvodaya movement, denotes a new social order in which society is classless and stateless. It will be a democratic structure in which Lokniti replaces Rajneeti. It will be poeple's socialism guaranteeing not only independence and equality but also harmony and |immortality.

On the morning of May 18, 1974 a nuclear device was denoted near Pokhran India. Work on nuclear fission device had been authorized by Indian PM Indira Gandhi on September 7, 1972.

The underground test is referred as 'Smiling Buddha' and was not a deliverable weapon. The Indian government referred to the test as a peaceful nuclear explosion geared toward exploring such things as enhanced mining techniques, etc.