UGC NET/JRF EXAM, December 2020/June 2021 Paper-II (HOME SCIENCE)

Poshan abhiyaan was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, on 8th March, 2018 in Jhunjhunu District Rajasthan. The focus of Abhiyaan is to lay emphasis on nutritional status of adolescent girls, pregnant women, lactating mothers and children from 0 – 6 years age.

A sequestrants refer as food additive that forms a complex ion with metals like copper, iron etc. the reaction caused by sequestrants protect food products from chemical, oxidative and enzymatic reactions which promote deterioration during processing, storage or preparation of foods through chelation.

Vitamin D3 is also known as cholecatiferol. Vitamin D exists in two forms, Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol) the animal origin and vitamin D2 (Ergocalciferol) of the plant origin. The precursors of Vitamin D are 7-dehydro-cholesterol in animals and ergosterol in plants. Both of these substances cholecalciferol and ergosterol are known as pro-vitamin D. In humans, the ultraviolet rays of sunlight, with a wavelength of 290-315 nm, initiate the photo conversion of pro-vitamin D3 (7-Dehydrocholesterol) to pre-vitamin D3 in the skin.

The food which is directly given in the veins, known as parenteral nutrition. Intravenous administration of varying combinations of hypertonic or isotonic glucose, lipids, amino acids, electrolytes, vitamins and trace elements through a venous access device (VAD) directly into the intravascular fluid to provide nutrients for patients who are unable to receive adequate nutrition through gastrointestinal tract (Enteral nutrition) because of paralytic ileus, intestinal obstruction, severe Diarrhoea etc.

The time and temperature generally used for the pasteurization of milk is 72ºC/15 sec. pasteurization is a heat treatment involves heating food to a temperature that kills or inhibits disease causing micro organism and substantially reduces the level of spoilage organisms. The French Scientist Louis Pasteur invented pasteurization technique.

In order to pursue formulating a research question is pre required. It is the first step in research.

Any two immiscible liquid when mixed together form an emulsion. An emulsion can be defined as a colloid, consisting of two or more non-homogenous type of liquids wherein one of the liquids act as the dispersion medium and the other will act as the dispersed phase. There are two types of emulsion on the basis of properties-
(i) Oil in water (ii) Water in oil

Symptoms of thiamin deficiency are –
A. Peripheral neuropathy:- Thiamin deficiency might cause brain tissue injury by inhibiting brain energy utilization given the critical role of thiamine-dependent enzymes associated within glucose utilization.
B. Cardiomegaly:- It is condition of cardiac in which the heart become enlarged.

Casein and whey proteins (that are made up αlactalbumins and β-lactoglobulins) are the Protein protect of milk. Casein constitutes approximately 80% of the total protein in milk, and the whey proteins account for about 20%.

he are essential fatty acids that can be synthesized in the human body and must be taken in adequate amount in the diet.
Essential fatty acids are–
Linoleic, Linolenic and Arachidonic.