UGC NET/JRF EXAM, December-2023 POLITICAL SCIENCE (Paper-II)

Total Questions: 100

71. Find out the correct statements:

A. On 1st April 1950, India was the first nonsocialist country to establish diplomatic relations with China.
B. Prime Minister Nehru never visited China during his premiership.
C. A phase of improvement in bilateral relations began in 1988.
D. Rajiv Gandhi as the Prime Minister of India visited China in 1993.

Correct Answer: (b) A & C
Solution:(i) India was one of the first non-socialist bloc countries to establish diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China. The establishment of diplomatic relations occurred on 1 April 1950.

(ii) Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, visited China in October, 1954. This visit was part of his efforts to strengthen diplomatic relations between India and China.

(iii) The process of normalization of bilateral relations between India and China started in 1988.

(iv) At the invitationof Premier Li Peng. Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi of India paid an official visit to China between December 19-23, 1988.

72. Name the country that does not fall within the 'Asian Tiger' economies:

Correct Answer: (d) Burma
Solution:

The term "Tiger Economy" is used to describe countries that experience rapid economic growth, usually accompanied by an increase in the standard of living.

The Four Asian Tigers are the developed Asian economics of Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan.

Between the early 1950s and 1990s they underwent rapid industrialization and maintained exceptionally high growth rates of more than 7 percenta year.

73. The present political regime in the Central Asia republic of Tajikistan falls under whcih of the following category?

Correct Answer: (d) Civilian dicatatorship
Solution:

Tajikistan operates under a form of authoritarian or semi-presidential democracy. While the constitution nominally allows for democratic practices, in reality the country is characterized by significant political repression, a lack of political pluralism and limited freedom of expression and association.

The country has been led since 1994 by Emomali Rahmon, who heads an authoritarian regime and whose human rights record has been criticised.

74. Citizens charter was first articulated and implemented in UK as a national programme in which year?

Correct Answer: (b) 1991
Solution:

The Citizen's Charter was a national program in the united kingdom that aimed to improve the quality of public services by enhancing the relationship between citizens and public services.

The citizen's charter was adopted by the UK in 1991 under the conservative government of John Major. This concept gained global recognition and was adopted by many other countries.

75. What is true about the following statement related to Ram Manohar Lohia?

A. He discusses seven types of revolution.
B. He talks about 'Party less Democracy
C. He is an author of the 'Aspects of socialist policy'
D. He did not given the concept of 'Four-Pillar state' E. He said that 'the history of the growth of freedom is the history of the perfection of human relationship'

Correct Answer: (b) A, C, E, only
Solution:

(1) The concept of "Sapta Kranti" was propounded by Ram Manohar Lohia. According to Lohia, these seven revolutions were the ideals of socialism. The seven revolutions are as follows:
(i) Equality between men and women
(ii) Civil disobedience against violent resolutions
(iii) Abolition of castes
(iv) National Independence.
(v) End to colour discrimination.
(vi) Individual's freedom of thought.
(vii) Against arms and weapons and in favour of Satyagraha.

He is an author of the 'Aspects of Socialist Policу' 1952.

(3) He gave the concept of 'Four Pillar State' also known as Chaukhomba State which comprised of the village, district the province and the centre.

(4) He said that "the history of the growth of freedom is the history of the perfection of human relationship".

76. The theory that argues, "countries are more likely both to become democratic and to stay democratic as they develop economically", is known as

Correct Answer: (c) Classic Modernization theory
Solution:

Classic modernization theory is a set of theories that originated in the 1950s and 1960s that study how societies develop and evolve.

The theory's main ideas are that : (i) As societies become wealthier more educated and more economically modernized, their political institutions become more liberal democratic.

77. Which one of the following is not the key element direct democracy?

Correct Answer: (c) Filibustering
Solution:

Filibustering is not key element of direct democracy. Filibustering is a political tactic used primarily in legislative bodies to delay or block the passage of a bill or other measure. It is most famously associated with the U.S. Senate.

• Key elements of direct democracy are. Referendum, Recall, Piebiscite.

78. Find out the correct one with regard to Atul Kohli's distinction between pro-market and pro-business state intervention in India in 1980s:

A. Pro-business strategy mainly supports established producers.
B. Pro-business strategy supports new entrants and consumers
C. Pro-market strategy supports established producers
D. Pro-market strategy support new entrants and consumers

Correct Answer: (d) A & D only
Solution:

Atul Kohli, a prominent political scientist, makes a critical distinction between pro-market and pro-business state interventions in the context of India's economic policies during the 1980s. This distinction helps explain the shift in India's economic approach during this period and its implications for development. Outline of Atul Kohlis Argument.

(i) Pro-business state intervention's goal is to strengthen domestic capital and businesses often irrespective of broader market efficiency.

(ii) Pro-market state intervention focus on liberalization, deregulation and reducing government intervention in economic activity. It helps new entrants, competitors and customers.

79. Which of the following arguments can we associate with 'right' wing political forces?

A. To what extent are people poor because of their own choices as opposed to unequal opportunities?
B. Are we helping the victim of unequal circumstances if we redistribute money of the poor?
C. Has the welfare state helped the poor overcome their disadvantage and participate in society?
D. Has the welfare state created a class of welfare dependants caught in a poverty trap?
E. Are the sources of social ills like poverty, homelessness, high school drop-out rates, and so on so complex that state attempts to solve them will generally fail, and often worsen the problem?

 

Correct Answer: (b) A,D and E only
Solution:Arguments associated with "Right Wing Political Force".

(i) Right-wing perspectives on poverty often focus on individual responsibility over systemic or structural causes.

(ii) Right-wing critique of the welfare state focuses on its perceived inefficiencies, negative economic impacts and effects on personal responsibility. From right-wing perspective a major criticism is that the welfare state has not fought poverty effectively. Instead, it has created a large group of people who have become dependent on welfare programs and are unable to break free from the cycle of poverty.

(iii) Problems like poverty, homelessness and highschool drop-out rates are very complicated when the government tries to solve them through state programs, these efforts might not work well and could even make the situation worse.

80. Find out the books written by Mahatma Gandhi given below:

A. Modern India
B. Constructive Programme
C. India's struggle for independence
D. Why socialism E. Hind Swaraj

Correct Answer: (d) B and E only
Solution:

Books written by Mahatma Gandhi :
(i) Constructive Program
(ii) Hind Swaraj

Modern Indias written by Vipin Chandra.
India's struggle for Independence : Written by Vipin Chandra.
Why Socialism, written by J.P. Naryan.