UGC NET/JRF EXAM, December-2023 WOMEN’S STUDIES

Total Questions: 100

91. Read the following passage and answer the questions.

Building Pedagogical Curb Cuts challenges us to alter the fixed concrete sidewalks of our life and practices, arguing that there are imaginative ways to include disability in our classroom and in our lives, to the benefit of all.

Linda Brinskin mentions four major influences on pedagogical exclusion (1) non-flexible requirements set up by programs (2) the restrictive traditional methods of teaching (3) exclusionary theoretical perspectives and (4) exclusionary instructional materials.

Women studies scholarship informs us that the traditional style of teaching did not include, and often excluded, women's learning patterns. By leaving out the daily experiences of women as housewives, mothers, etc., pedagogy often excluded women as learners and teachers.

For example women's studies and political science courses often make mention of women's suffrage in America, yet rarely include the fact that Helen Keller marched next to non-disabled women in many liberation marches. These factors can emerge only if gender analysis and teaching methods are implemented from alternative viewpoints.

Also, restrictive academic environments require intensive study for specific examinations given on set dates with no regard for the circumstances in the lives of learners, women who were unable to study because they were caring for sick children at home. This is equally true of students with disabilities who come into school systems that have no adaptation.

What is the learning point from the Helen Keller Story as mentioned in the passage?

Correct Answer: A. Failure of women's studies and women's movement to include issues and challenges faced by women with disability
Solution:

The learning point from the Helen Keller story, as mentioned in the passage, is that there is a failure in women's studies and women's movements to fully include issues and challenges faced by women with disabilities.

This example underscores a broader pedagogical and societal oversight where the contributions and experiences of disabled women are often omitted from historical and social narratives within education.

92. Imagine a picture of an inclusive and just society. What does an education system look like in this picture?

Correct Answer: C. Teaching methods are implemented from alternative viewpoints
Solution:

In an inclusive and just society, an education system would look like one where teaching methods are implemented from alternative viewpoints.

This implies a system that incorporates diverse experiences and needs, tailoring educational practices to accommodate all learners, including those from various social backgrounds, abilities, and learning styles.

93. Which of the following statement is correct?

Statement I: Inclusive education benefits not only students with disabilities but also students without disabilities.
Statement II: Inclusive classrooms teach all students about the importance of diversity and acceptance.

Choose the correct answer from the optins given below:

Correct Answer: A. Both Statement I and Statement II are true
Solution:

Both statements regarding inclusive education are correct: Statement I highlights that inclusive education benefits not only students with disabilities but also those without, fostering a more comprehensive learning environment.

Statement II underlines that inclusive classrooms serve as platforms for teaching all students the value of diversity and acceptance, which are crucial for building an empathetic and inclusive society.

94. What are some disabling environments for women with disability?

(a) Inaccessible Transport
(b) Building Without Universal Structure
(c) Inclusion of Women and Persons with disability
(d) Stereotyping

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: C. (a), (b) and (d) only
Solution:

Disabling environments for women with disabilities typically include:

(a) Inaccessible transport, which can hinder their ability to commute and participate fully in societal roles.

(b) Buildings without a universal structure, which fail to accommodate all individuals regardless of their physical abilities.

(d) Stereotyping, which can create barriers to equal treatment and opportunities.

95. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A): Women with disabilities have been described as being doubly marginalized on account of their disability and their gender.
Reason (R): In an enabling environment women with disability have greater accessibility over their male counterpart.

In light of the above statement choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: C. (A) is correct, but (R) is not correct
Solution:

Assertion (A) is correct in that women with disabilities often face double marginalization due to their disability and gender, experiencing compounded forms of discrimination and exclusion.

However, Reason (R) is incorrect as it suggests that in an enabling environment, women with disabilities have greater accessibility over their male counterparts, which is not necessarily true or a direct explanation of the assertion. Instead, an enabling environment aims to provide equal accessibility for all, regardless of gender.

96. Read the following passage and answer the questions.

Previous approaches to documenting and understanding international migration have often disregraded the migration of women. Most migrant women move voluntarily, but women and girls are also forced migrants leaving their countries in order to flee conflict, persecution, environmental degradation, natural disasters or other situations that affect their security, livelihood or habitat.

In many instances, women left behind in their country of origin undertake income-generating activities to compensate for the income lost by the departure of their male relatives if the latter do not send remittances on a regular basis.

Adding financial responsibilities to the other responsibilities that women have such as child-rearing can lead to stress but can also provide women with the opportunity of gaining autonomy and experience in decision making.

Migrant women workers in the receiving countries are often seen as aliens as inferiors culturally and socially as a potential threat to stability. Migrants are perceived as taking away jobs from the native population despite the fact that migrant worker, especially women, usually perform the jobs that the native population shun.

Women migrant workers face major challenges in benefiting from trade unions and NGO activity as they are often not allowed to join or form union in destination countries.

How does migration affect the women who remain in the country of their origin?

(a) They find themselves co-residing with other male relatives who often restrict their activities outside the home.
(b) They often have more independence and autonomy.
(c) They do not take any additional responsibilities.
(d) They are generally not involved in any income generating activities.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: A. (a), (b) only
Solution:

Migration affects women who remain in their country of origin in complex ways. While the passage discusses women taking on additional responsibilities and gaining autonomy, it also mentions the possibility of them co-residing with other male relatives who often restrict their activities outside the home.'

This co-residence can lead to a situation where despite potentially increased financial and domestic autonomy, their social and physical mobility may be curtailed, limiting their full engagement in public and economic life.

97. Given below are two statements.

Statement I: Gender relations and gender hierarchies in both sending and receiving countries determine the gender specific impact of migration.
Statement II: Women migrant workers benefits from trade unions and NGO, activities as they are often allowed to join or form unions in destination countries.

In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: C. Statement I is true, but Statement II is false
Solution:

Statement I is true as gender relations and hierarchies in both sending and receiving countries significantly determine the gender-specific impacts of migration, affecting how men and women experience migration differently.

Statement II is false, as the passage clearly states that women migrant workers often face major challenges in benefiting from trade unions and NGO activity as they are frequently not allowed to join or form unions in destination countries.

98. Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and other one labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A): Women remaining behind when their male relatives migrate may find themselves co-residing with other male relatives who may restrict the activities outside the home.
Reason (R): When their male relatives (Husband, parents) leave them behind, women have the opportunity of gaining autonomy and experience in decision making.

In light of the above statement choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: B. Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A)
Solution:

Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct but Reason (R) does not directly explain Assertion (A). Assertion (A) suggests that women who remain when their male relatives migrate may find their activities restricted by co-residing male relatives.

Reason (R) counters this by stating that such women have opportunities to gain autonomy and experience in decisionmaking, highlighting a contrasting scenario where women might actually benefit from the migration of male relatives in terms of personal development and autonomy.

99. Given below are two statements.

Statement I: Historically in documenting and understanding international migration women have always been a chief concern.
Statement II: Migration effects only the migrates themselves but not their family members if they remain in the country of origin.

In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: B. Both Statement I and Statement II are false
Solution:

Both Statement I and Statement II are false. Historically, the migration of women has often been disregarded in studies and documentation of international migration, which primarily focused on male migrants.

Statement II is also false, as migration significantly affects family members who remain in the country of origin, as they may have to adapt to new roles, take on additional responsibilities, and face economic or social changes.

100. Migrants workers are often perceived as:

Correct Answer: A. Taking away jobs from the native population
Solution:

Migrant workers are often perceived as taking away jobs from the native population. This is a common stereotype that exists despite the fact that migrant workers, particularly women, usually perform jobs that the native population tends to avoid, as mentioned in the passage.