UGC NET/JRF EXAM, December-2023 WOMEN’S STUDIES

Family can significantly influence gendered education by both promoting gender equality and challenging stereotypes (a), and encouraging children to choose careers without considering gender norms (d).

These actions help break down traditional gender roles and expectations, fostering an environment where children feel free to pursue their interests and talents irrespective of their gender.

This nurturing approach can empower children to explore a wider range of educational and career opportunities, ultimately contributing to a more equal society.

The main aim of interdisciplinary research is to bring out the holistic approach to research (b) and to create new trends in research methodology (c).

By integrating methods, perspectives, and concepts from various disciplines, interdisciplinary research addresses complex problems more effectively than any single subject could on its own.

This approach allows for a more comprehensive understanding of issues, fostering innovation and advancing knowledge across traditional disciplinary boundaries.

The key structural variables that determine women's work in India include regional differences (a), labour market conditions (b), and the influence of family, caste, and class (c).

These factors collectively shape the employment opportunities available to women and the types of work they are able to engage in.

Regional variations affect economic opportunities; labour market dynamics influence employment terms; and family, caste, and class can dictate societal expectations and individual access to resources, all of which impact women's work in India.

The primary focus of maternal health policies and programs is on increasing equity and reducing poverty (b), and ensuring safe pregnancy, childbirth, and postnatal care for women (c).

These programs aim to improve health outcomes for mothers and their children by addressing the social and economic determinants of health and ensuring that women have access to the necessary medical care during and after pregnancy.

This holistic approach is essential for reducing maternal and infant mortality rates and for promoting the well-being of families and communities.

Women's empowerment primarily involves increasing women's involvement in decision-making processes (a), enhancing women's ability to access education, income, and resources (b), and actions to transform the structures and institutions that reinforce and perpetuate gender discrimination and inequality (c).

These elements are critical for empowering women to achieve their full potential and for creating a more equitable society where women have equal opportunities to contribute to and benefit from economic, social, and political developments.

The case study method is known for its particularistic, descriptive, and inductive nature. It focuses on detailed investigation of a particular entity, event, or group over time within its real-life context.

This method is particularistic as it zeroes in on a specific subject, providing a deep understanding unique to that case. It is descriptive because it aims to describe the phenomena in detail based on extensive data collection.

Case studies are also inductive, developing theories and generalizations as outcomes from the detailed analysis of the collected data. Unlike experimental research, case studies do not usually occur in a laboratory setting, making option (a) irrelevant to its characteristics.

The major objectives of menstrual hygiene schemes, particularly targeting adolescent girls, emphasize increasing awareness, accessibility, and environmental safety regarding menstrual hygiene.

The primary aim is to educate adolescent girls about menstrual hygiene, enhancing their knowledge and breaking taboos surrounding menstruation.

Furthermore, these initiatives strive to improve access to high-quality sanitary products in rural areas, addressing economic and logistical barriers.

Safe disposal of sanitary napkins is also a crucial component, aiming to prevent environmental damage and promote health standards.

The option including "menstrual level" lacks clarity and relevance, making it extraneous to the scheme's objectives.

The Mukhyamantri Suposhan Abhiyan launched by Chhattisgarh state is designed to eradicate malnutrition and is overseen by the Women and Child Welfare Department.

Its focus is not limited to a specific age group but aims to provide nutritional support broadly within the community, with a significant emphasis on women and children.

This eradication effort includes comprehensive measures ranging from supplemental nutrition programs to awareness campaigns.

It encompasses a broad age range, between 15-49 years. The program also targets broader demographics including children under age 6.

Dr. Madhuri R. Shah and Dr. Armaity Desai are the only two women from the options provided who have served as chairpersons of the University Grants Commission (UGC).

Dr. Madhuri R. Shah held the chair from 1981 to 1986, and her tenure was noted for significant educational reforms and a focus on higher education accessibility.

Dr. Armaity Desai served from 1995-1999 and was known for her efforts in promoting academic excellence and women's education in India.

The other individuals listed have not held the position of UGC chairperson, which directly pertains to the correct answer being those who actually served in this esteemed role.

Among the tribal societies listed, the Rengma and Monpa tribes do not allow women to inherit ancestral or immovable property due to customary laws.

These tribal laws and customs play a crucial role in governing property rights and are often reflective of the patriarchal structure prevalent in many indigenous communities.

The Liangmai and Mizo tribes have different customs and laws regarding property inheritance, which may allow for some forms of female inheritance or have undergone reforms to increase gender equity.

This distinction highlights the variation in customary laws across different tribes and their impacts on women's rights and societal roles.