UGC NET/JRF EXAM, December-2023 WOMEN’S STUDIES

In feminist research, the interview technique often involves the co-construction of experiential reality and aims to break down the hierarchical relationship between the researcher and the researched. This approach views the respondents as active participants who contribute significantly to the creation of knowledge through their experiences and narratives.

The methodology emphasizes egalitarian interactions where both parties engage critically and reflexively, challenging traditional power dynamics typically present in research settings. This technique is distinguished by its interactive and participative nature, which allows for a deeper exploration of gender-related issues.

The Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Scheme primarily targets young married couples, pregnant mothers, and parents. This focus is designed to address the critical stages of child rearing from prenatal to postnatal care, aiming to ensure the survival, protection, and education of the girl child.

The scheme emphasizes the importance of nurturing and educating female children right from their earliest stages of life, which involves educating and influencing the immediate caregivers and decision-makers around them. The involvement of panchayat members, while important, is not the primary focus of this scheme.

Among the critics listed, Carol Gilligan and Nancy Chodorow have significantly contributed to the discussions on reproduction and motherhood. Carol Gilligan is known for her work on moral development, particularly in how it pertains to women.

While Nancy Chodorow has written extensively on motherhood and the reproduction of mothering, emphasizing the psychological and sociological aspects of gender and family dynamics. Their work helps illuminate the nuanced ways in which women's reproductive roles are understood and internalized within societal structures.

\The Mako Mori test is a set of criteria focusing on the representation of female characters in film and is inspired by the character Mako Mori from the 2013 film 'Pacific Rim.' This test assesses whether a film includes at least one female character who gets her own narrative arc that is not about supporting a man's story.

It serves as an alternative to the Bechdel test, providing a different measure for evaluating female representation in movies. The Mako Mori test highlights the importance of individual character development for women in cinema.

According to the 2011 census, the states of Kerala and Mizoram have literacy rates over 90%. Kerala has long been recognized for its high literacy rates with 94%, reflecting the state's strong emphasis on education in public policy.

Mizoram, too, showcases high literacy rates of 91.33%, indicative of successful educational policies in the northeastern region of India. Both states exemplify the positive outcomes of sustained educational efforts and their impact on community development and social indicators.

In the context of paradigms and their advocates:

(a) Positivist paradigm is associated with Auguste Comte, who is considered one of the founders of sociology and a key figure in the development of positivism.

(b) Interpretive paradigm aligns with Max Weber, who emphasized understanding the subjective meaning of social actions.

(c) Critical paradigm is connected to Theodore Adorno, known for his critical theory work, particularly in the Frankfurt School.

(d) Feminist paradigm can be associated with Simone de Beauvoir, who is a seminal figure in feminist philosophy.

Matching the women leaders with their respective positions:

(a) Sanna Marin is known as the Prime Minister of Finland.
(b) Loreta Lynch served as the U.S. Attorney General.
(c) Nancy Pelosi is recognized as the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives.
(d) Tsai Ing-wen is the first female President of Taiwan.

Associating strands of feminism with noted feminists:

(a) Liberal feminism is closely associated with J.S. Mill, who advocated for equality and rights for women.
(b) Radical feminism is linked to Shulamith Firestone, who explored the roots of gender inequality in society.
(c) Post-colonial feminism is represented by Gayatri Spivak, who addresses issues of gender in the context of colonialism and post-colonialism.
(d) Eco feminism is identified with Maria Mies, known for her work connecting the exploitation of women and nature.

Correctly matching authors with their books:

(a) Naila Kabeer wrote "Reversed Realities: Gender Hierarchies in Development Thought," which discusses the roles of gender in development.

(b) Gail Omvedt is associated with "Violence Against Women: New Movements and New Theories in India," focusing on gender violence and feminist movements.

(c) Nivedita Menon authored "Gender and Politics in India," exploring gender dynamics in Indian political context.

(d) Patricia Uberoi wrote "Social Reform, Sexuality, and the State," which delves into societal changes and gender issues.

Correctly matching terms with their explanations:

(a) Meher refers to property given to wife in consideration for marriage, a customary practice in Islamic marriages.

(c) Sapindas describes individuals who have a common lineal ancestor, often used in the context of family and marriage laws in India.

(b) Iddat is the waiting period after divorce in Islamic law, during which a woman cannot marry another man.

(d) Streedhan is the present or jewellery given to a woman during marriage, typically including personal gifts and dowry items.