UGC NET/JRF EXAM, INTERNATIONAL & AREA STUDIES, December-2023 (PAPER-II)

Total Questions: 100

61. According to Kautilya, which principles should govern a country's foreign policy:

(a) King shall develop his state
(b) Those who help are friends
(c) A prudent course shall always be adopted
(d) Non-violence is to be preferred in all circumstances
(e) King's behaviour, in victory and in defeat, must be just

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

A. (a), (b), (c), (d) only
B. (b), (c), (d), (e) only
C. (a), (b), (d), (e) only
D. (a), (b), (c), (e) only

Correct Answer: D. (a), (b), (c), (e) only

Solution:Kautilya’s principles for governing a country’s foreign policy emphasize the importance of state development, friendship based on mutual assistance, prudent decision-making, and just behavior by the king in both victory and defeat.

“King shall develop his state” highlights the priority of internal strength and prosperity. “Those who help are friends” underlines alliances based on mutual benefits. “A prudent course shall always be adopted” reflects the importance of strategic thinking.

“King’s behaviour, in victory and in defeat, must be just” ensures ethical conduct in all circumstances. Non-violence in all circumstances is not a principle suggested by Kautilya, making (a), (b), (c), and (e) the correct options.

62. Founding members of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) include:

(a) Myanmar
(b) Cambodia
(c) Indonesia
(d) The Philippines
(e) Singapore

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A. (a), (c), (d) only
B. (a), (d), (e) only
C. (b), (c), (d) only
D. (c), (d), (e) only

Correct Answer: D. (c), (d), (e) only

Solution:The founding members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in 1967 include Indonesia, Philippines, and Singapore, along with Malaysia and Thailand.

These nations came together to promote political and economic cooperation and regional stability. Myanmar and Cambodia joined ASEAN later, in 1997 and 1999, respectively.

The initial formation aimed to strengthen the collective security and economic development of the region amidst Cold War tensions. Therefore, the correct founding members are (c), (d), and (e).

63. Identify following statements regarding new age technology:

(a) John McCarthy coined the term "Artificial Intelligence"
(b) 'Shakey' was first mobile robot which employed Artificial Intelligence
(c) Apple launched 'Siri', a speechrecognition and language processing software in 2011
(d) A supercomputer defeated chess champion Garry Kasparov in 1989
(e) Workfusion, a platform which assigns work to humans was launched in 2003

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

A. (a), (b), (c) only
B. (b), (c), (d) only
C. (c), (d), (e) only
D. (a), (b), (d) only

Correct Answer: A. (a), (b), (c) only

Solution:John McCarthy coined the term “Artificial Intelligence” in 1956, marking the beginning of AI as a field of study. “Shakey” was the first mobile robot to employ AI, developed in the 1960s.

Apple launched “Siri” in 2011, bringing advanced speech recognition and language processing to the consumer market. These milestones reflect significant advancements in AI technology.

The statement about a supercomputer defeating Garry Kasparov is incorrect as it happened in 1997, not 1989. Workfusion, a platform assigning work to humans, was launched in 2011, not 2003. Thus, the correct statements are (a), (b), and (c).

64. Identify correct agreements made at Potsdam Conference 1945:

(a) Division of Germany into four occupied zones
(b) To reestablished democracy in Germany
(c) Banning the Nazi party
(d) To more Finland frontier eastwards
(e) Germany to pay zero reparations

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A. (a), (b), (d) only
B. (a), (b), (c) only
C. (b), (c), (d) only
D. (b), (c), (e) only

Correct Answer: B. (a), (b), (c) only

Solution:The Potsdam Conference of 1945 led to several key agreements, including the division of Germany into four occupation zones, reestablishing democracy in Germany, and banning the Nazi party.

These measures aimed to ensure post-war stability and prevent the resurgence of totalitarianism. Moving Finland’s frontier eastwards and Germany paying zero reparations were not part of the Potsdam agreements.

Instead, Germany was required to pay reparations, though the exact amount and nature were later adjusted. Thus, the correct agreements are (a), (b), and (c).

65. Identify correct statements about Woodrow Wilson.

(a) US President 1913-25
(b) Served as President of Princeton University
(c) Worked as Governor of New Jersy
(d) Stipulated Fourteen Points Principle
(e) Cherished the idea of containment diplomacy

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A. (a), (b), (c) only
B. (a), (d), (e) only
C. (b), (c), (d) only
D. (c), (d), (e) only

Correct Answer: C. (b), (c), (d) only

Solution:Woodrow Wilson served as President of Princeton University before his presidency and worked as Governor of New Jersey.

He is also known for his Fourteen Points, which outlined principles for peace after World War I, including self-determination and the establishment of the League of Nations.

Wilson did not serve as US President from 1913 to 1925, as his terms were from 1913 to 1921. He did not advocate for containment diplomacy, which emerged during the Cold War. Thus, the correct statements are (b), (c), and (d).