UGC NET/JRF EXAM, INTERNATIONAL & AREA STUDIES, December-2023 (PAPER-II)

Total Questions: 100

81. Arrange the national defense budget expenditure in descending order as given in Annual Report on military, security developments on China, 2021 presented to US Congress:

(a) United States of America
(b) China
(c) Russia
(d) India
(e) Japan

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: B. (a), (b), (c), (d), (e)
Solution:The Marshall Plan was announced in 1947, marking the beginning of the post-WWII recovery efforts. The Soviet atomic bomb explosion occurred in 1949, which escalated the Cold War.

Yuri Gagarin became the first person in space in 1961, symbolizing the space race. Apollo 11 landed on the moon in 1969, marking a significant achievement for the USA.

Mikhail Gorbachev became the Soviet leader in 1985, leading to significant reforms. Therefore, the chronological order is (a), (b), (c), (d), (e).

82. Arrange the Cold War events in chronological order.

(a) Marshall plan announced
(b) Soviet atomic Bomb explosion
(c) Yuri Gagarin first person in space
(d) Apollo II lands on the moon
(e) Gorbachev becomes Soviet leader

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: D. (a), (b), (c), (d), (e)
Solution:The Russo-Japanese War occurred in 1904-1905. The Treaty of Versailles was signed in 1919, marking the end of World War I. Mussolini seized power in Italy in 1922, establishing a fascist regime.

The Munich Agreement was signed in 1938, allowing Nazi Germany to annex the Sudetenland. The Battle of Stalingrad took place from 1942 to 1943, turning the tide in favor of the Allies in World War II. Thus, the chronological order is (a), (b), (c), (d), (e).

83. Arrange the following events in chronological order:

(a) Russia-Japan war
(b) Treaty of Versailles
(c) Mussolini seizes power in Italy
(d) Munich Agreement
(e) Battle of Stalingrad

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

Correct Answer: A. (a), (b), (c), (d), (e)
Solution:Denmark, Ireland, and the UK joined the European Community in 1973, marking the first enlargement. Greece joined the EC in 1981. Portugal and Spain joined in 1986.

Austria, Finland, and Sweden joined the EU in 1995. In 2004, 10 new states joined the EU, bringing its membership to 25 countries. Therefore, the chronological order is (b), (c), (d), (e), (a).

84. Arrange the following historical facts about the European Union in chronological order:

(a) 10 new states join the EU, bringing its membership to 25 countries
(b) Denmark, Ireland and the UK join the EC
(c) Greece joins the EC
(d) Portugal and Spain join the EC
(e) Austria, Finland and Sweden join the EU

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: D. (b), (c), (d), (e), (a)
Solution:Dag Hammarskjold served as UN Secretary-General from 1953 until his death in 1961. U Thant succeeded him, serving from 1961 to 1971. Kurt Waldheim served from 1972 to 1981.

Boutros-Boutros Ghali served from 1992 to 1996. Kofi Annan served from 1997 to 2006. Therefore, the correct chronological order is (a), (b), (c), (e), (d).

85. Arrange the following Secretary Generals of the United Nations in chronological order.

(a) Dag Hammarskjold
(b) U Thant
(c) Kurt Waldheim
(d) Kofi Annan
(e) Boutros Boutros Ghali

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: B. (a), (b), (c), (e), (d)
Solution:The first Opium War marked a significant shift in East Asian international relations, ending the tribute system in China. The crushing defeat of China by the British indeed led to the rise of gunboat diplomacy, which significantly altered China’s foreign policy.

The Reason (R) correctly explains the Assertion (A), making both statements true, with (R) providing the correct explanation for (A).

86. Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A): The first Opium War (1839-1842) marked a momentous bench mark event in reshaping of East Asian International relations in the nineteenth century. It marked the beginning of the end of the tribute system in China.

Reason (R): The crushing defeat of China (opium war) in its first military confrontation with the West failed to modify the Sinocentric image of out landish barbarians.

But in addition, the British resorted to use of force. Contradictory policy of China led to western powers using gunboats and which led to rise of gunboat diplomacy during 1842-1856. It ended tribute system in China.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: A. Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
Solution:The Saptang theory, propounded by Kautilya in the Arthashastra, indeed outlines seven elements or constituents of a state:

the king (Raja), minister (Amatya), territory and population (Janapada), fortified towns and cities (Durg), treasury (Kosha), the forces (Sena), and allies (Mitra). This accurately explains the theory mentioned in Assertion (A). Therefore, both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) correctly explains (A).

87. Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A): Saptang theory propounded by Kautilya relates to seven elements or constituents of a state.

Reason (R): Seven Elements that constitute a state are the king (Raja), minister (Amatya), territory of the state along with population (Janipada), fortified towns and cities (Durg) treasury (Kosha), the forces (Sena) and the allies (Friends). This is called Saptang theory.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: A. Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
Solution:Assertion (A) correctly describes people trafficking as involving deception and coercion, exploiting individuals through slavery or similar practices.

Reason (R), however, is incorrect because it suggests people trafficking only involves willing cooperation of women, which is not true. Trafficking involves force, fraud, or coercion and affects all genders. Therefore, (A) is correct, but (R) is not correct.

88. Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A) : People trafficking involves movement of persons based on deception and coercion, with the purpose of exploiting them, usually through their sale into sexual or other forms of slavery

Reason (R): People trafficking involves movement of only woman based on willing cooperation to enable them develoр additional sources of income.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: C. (A) is correct but (R) is not correct
Solution:Statement I is correct as KPS Menon describes the political situation post-independence and Sardar Patel’s role in integrating princely states into India.

Statement II is also correct, depicting Gandhi’s actions and Jinnah’s statement reflecting the political tensions leading to civil war threats. Both statements accurately describe historical events, making option A correct.

89. Given below are two statements:

Statement (I): Indian Foreign Secretary, KPS Menon wrote, "when the British left India, the unity even of divided India was in danger. There were 560 princely states in India.

It was open to them to accede to India, to accede to Pakistan, or to remain independent. This looked as if India was going to be Balkanised. This danger was averted by firm handling by a man of iron, Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel".

Statement (II): In a meeting with Mountbatten on 01 April 1946, Gandhi appealed to dismiss the existing cabinet and call on Jinnah to appoint an all-muslim administration. In May 1946, Jinnah stated "India stands on the Brink of Civil war".

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: A. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
Solution:Statement I is correct as KPS Menon describes the political situation post-independence and Sardar Patel’s role in integrating princely states into India.

Statement II is also correct, depicting Gandhi’s actions and Jinnah’s statement reflecting the political tensions leading to civil war threats. Both statements accurately describe historical events, making option A correct.

90. Given below are two statements:

Statement (I): Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj captured Toma, Jawali, and Jinji forts.

Statement (II): Early Mavals who joined Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj were Yesaji Kank, Baji Pasalkar and Tanaji Malsure.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: A. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct