UGC NET/JRF EXAM, INTERNATIONAL & AREA STUDIES, February-2023 (PAPER-II)

Total Questions: 100

91. Read the following paragraph and answer the five questions that follow:

PROTECTION OF WEAKER SECTION BY KAUTILYA

Welfare of women are: spinning work to be given to handicapped women, protection of women slaves from exploitation, punishment for rape and protection of prostitutes against exploitation and physical injury.

Protection of children was emphasised, especially in the context of slavery and bonded labour. When an ‘Arya' man had bound himself and his family, the minor were to be redeemed first.

A slave less than eight years old was not to be compelled, against his wishes, to do menial job or work in a foreign country. The property of minor was to be held in trust and looked after by village elders.

Which statement was not part of welfare of women as per Chanakya?

Correct Answer: D. No education for women
Solution:The paragraph discusses the welfare measures for women as outlined by Kautilya (also known as Chanakya). It includes points such as providing handicapped women with spinning work, protecting women slaves from exploitation, and punishing rapists.

However, the paragraph does not mention anything about education for women. Therefore, option D is the statement that was not part of the welfare of women as per Chanakya.

92. Protection of children was emphasised by Chanakya in the context of:

Correct Answer: A. Slavery and bonded Labour
Solution:The paragraph mentions that the protection of children was emphasized, particularly in the context of slavery and bonded labour. It discusses how if an ‘Arya’ man had bound himself and his family in a contract agreement, the minors in that family were to be redeemed first.

Additionally, the paragraph states that a slave less than eight years old was not to be compelled to do menial jobs or work in a foreign country against their wishes. Therefore, the emphasis on the protection of children by Chanakya is in the context of slavery and bonded labour.

93. A slave was not to be compelled against his wishes for menial jobs under the age of:

Correct Answer: B. 8 years
Solution:According to the paragraph, a slave less than eight years old was not to be compelled to do menial jobs or work in a foreign country against their wishes. Therefore, the age mentioned in the context is 8 years.

94. The property of minor was to be managed by:

Correct Answer: C. A trust and looked after by village elders
Solution:According to the paragraph, the property of a minor was to be held in trust and looked after by village elders. This indicates that the property of a minor was to be managed by a trust and supervised by the village elders.

95. Who all were considered as weaker sections?

Correct Answer: A. Women
Solution:The paragraph mentions the welfare of women as one of the weaker sections that were considered for protection.

It talks about measures to support and protect women, such as providing spinning work to handicapped women, protecting women slaves, punishing rape, and safeguarding prostitutes against exploitation and physical harm.

96. Read the following paragraph and answer the five questions that follow:

Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj - The Great Maratha Warrior

Young Shivaji reached Pune, a dying fort city with his mother Jija Bai and lighted the first lamp within its ruins.

While his father Shahaji Bhosle was away on a deputation by Adil Shah Sultanate and failed in a revolt against it. Shivaji learnt how an empire is built from the scratch. Thus began the life of the Great Maratha.

What awaited Shivaji was nothing short of the vast scroll of history, and it took him from Surat to Thanjavur and all the way to Aurangzeb's durbar in Agra.

His dreams of freeing his land from the clutches of Mughal rule, and though he suffered many defeats and personal losses along the way, he never gave up his vision of Hindavi Swaraj.

Shivaji became a leader, a warrior and a tactician par excellence driven by pride and love for his motherland.

Mother of Shivaji Maharaj was:

Correct Answer: A. Jija Bai
Solution:The paragraph mentions that Young Shivaji reached Pune with his mother Jija Bai. This indicates that the mother of Shivaji Maharaj was Jija Bai.

97. Shahaji Bhosle was working with:

Correct Answer: A. Adil Shah
Solution:The paragraph mentions that while his father Shahaji Bhosle was away on a deputation by Adil Shah Sultanate. This indicates that Shahaji Bhosle was working with Adil Shah

98. Shivaji campaigned in India covering:

Correct Answer: C. Surat, Thanjavur and Agra
Solution:Shivaji campaigned in India covering Surat, Thanjavur, and Agra. Shivaji’s campaigns took him from Surat to Thanjavur and all the way to Aurangzeb’s durbar in Agra.

This means that Shivaji campaigned in various regions of India, including Surat (in present-day Gujarat), Thanjavur (in present-day Tamil Nadu), and Agra (in present-day Uttar Pradesh).

Surat was a major trading port and city in the western part of India, located on the Arabian Sea coast. Thanjavur was a prominent city in the southern part of India known for its cultural and historical significance.

Agra, located in the northern part of India, was the capital of the Mughal Empire and the site of the famous Taj Mahal.

Shivaji’s campaigns were extensive and covered different geographical regions of India, showcasing his strategic prowess and determination to resist Mughal rule and establish his vision of Hindavi Swaraj (self-rule for the Indian people).

99. Shivaji dreamt of freeing his land from clutches of:

Correct Answer: B. Mughal rule
Solution:In the provided paragraph, it is mentioned that Shivaji’s dreams were focused on freeing his land from the clutches of the Mughal rule.

This reflects his determination to resist the dominance of the Mughal Empire and establish self-rule for the people of his region, which he referred to as Hindavi Swaraj.

100. Vision of Shivaji Maharaj was:

Correct Answer: C. Hindavi Swaraj
Solution:In the provided paragraph, it is mentioned that Shivaji’s vision was Hindavi Swaraj, which translates to “self-rule for the Indian people.”

This vision reflected his aspiration to establish an independent and self-governing region free from the dominance of foreign powers, especially the Mughal Empire.