UGC NET/JRF EXAM, INTERNATIONAL & AREA STUDIES, February-2023 (PAPER-II)

Total Questions: 100

21. Indo-US nuclear deal was signed in the year:

Correct Answer: D. 1953
Solution:The Indo-US nuclear deal, officially known as the United States-India Civil Nuclear Agreement, was signed on October, 2008.

This agreement aimed to facilitate civilian nuclear cooperation between India and the United States, allowing India access to nuclear technology and fuel for its civilian nuclear program.

The deal marked a significant shift in India's nuclear relations with the international community, particularly with the US, and had implications for India's strategic and energy policies.

22. European Coal and Steel Community was established in the year?

Correct Answer: C. 1952
Solution:The European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was established in the year 1952 with the signing of the Treaty of Paris.

This treaty marked the beginning of European integration efforts and laid the foundation for what would later evolve into the European Union (EU).

The ECSC aimed to create a common market for coal and steel among its founding members, which included Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands.

The idea behind the ECSC was to promote economic cooperation and prevent the resurgence of national rivalries in coal and steel production, which were vital for post-World War II reconstruction and industrial development.

23. In 2010, India elevated its relationship to "Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership" with which country?

Correct Answer: D. Russia
Solution:In 2010, India elevated its relationship to a "Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership" with Russia. This designation reflects the historically strong and multifaceted ties between the two countries, encompassing areas such as defense, trade, energy, culture, and diplomatic coordination.

India and Russia have a long-standing relationship dating back to the Cold War era, and they continue to collaborate on various regional and global issues.

24. Which of the following countries is generally not considered as a part of Central Asia?

Correct Answer: A. Iran
Solution:Iran is not generally considered as a part of Central Asia. While it shares some cultural and historical connections with Central Asia, it is more commonly categorized as part of the Middle East or Southwest Asia due to its geographical location and cultural affiliations with countries in that region.

The countries listed in options B, C, and D (Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan) are all considered part of Central Asia due to their geographical location within that region.

25. Concept of non-refoulement applies to:

Correct Answer: C. Refugees
Solution:The concept of non-refoulement applies to refugees. Non-refoulement is a fundamental principle in international refugee law that prohibits the forced return or expulsion of refugees to a country where they may face persecution, torture, or other serious harm.

This principle is enshrined in various international treaties and conventions, including the 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol.

It reflects the international community's commitment to protecting the rights and well-being of individuals fleeing persecution and seeking refuge in other countries.

26. Which one of the following cannot be described as India's "Extended neighbourhood"?

Correct Answer: C. Europe
Solution:India's "Extended neighborhood" typically refers to regions that are geographically proximate to India and have strategic, economic, and cultural significance for India's foreign policy.

While India does have relations with Europe, it is not commonly referred to as part of India's extended neighborhood.

The other options-West Asia, Central Asia, and South East Asia-are regions that are often considered part of India's extended neighborhood due to their geographical proximity and the various ties India maintains with these regions.

27. Which of the following is a double landlocked country?

Correct Answer: D. Uzbekistan
Solution:A double landlocked country is a country that is entirely surrounded by other landlocked countries, with no direct access to a coastline or open sea.

Uzbekistan is an example of a double landlocked country because it is surrounded by other landlocked countries in Central Asia, such as Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Afghanistan, without having its own access to a coast.

28. The main aim of G-77 countries is:

Correct Answer: B. To change international economic order in favour of developing and under developed countries
Solution:The Group of 77 (G-77) is a coalition of developing and underdeveloped countries at the United Nations.

It was established to promote collective economic interests, enhance cooperation, and advocate for changes in the international economic order that are more favourable to the concerns and development needs of its member states.

The G-77 countries seek to address issues related to trade, development assistance, investment, and various other aspects of international economic relations to improve the conditions of the countries they represent.

29. India is not a member of:

Correct Answer: A. APEС
Solution:India is not a member of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). APEC is a regional economic forum that promotes cooperation and economic integration among countries in the Asia-Pacific region.

While India has shown interest in APEC's activities, it is not a formal member of the organization.

The other options mentioned-SCO (Shanghai Cooperation Organization), SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation), and QUAD (Quadrilateral Security Dialogue)- have varying degrees of Indian involvement and membership.

30. Which country is not a part of G-4?

Correct Answer: A. Argentina
Solution:The G-4, also known as the Group of Four, consists of four major countries-Brazil, Germany, India, and Japan.

The G-4 countries have been advocating for reform and expansion of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) to include their own permanent seats. Argentina is not part of the G-4; it is not one of the countries that make up this group.